I ahve the following piece of code. I get a correctly filled vector. But I am unable to print or use the vector contents which are file names from a directory. As soon as I do enter the first iteration. Everything gets lost. What am I doing wrong?
wprintf - This works OK
wcout-- here is where everything ends up corrupted
#include <windows.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include<iostream>
void GetAllFiles(vector<LPCWSTR>&, wstring);
using namespace std;
void main (void)
{
vector<LPCWSTR> files(0);
wstring path = L"Datasets\\Persons\\";
wstring ext = L"*.*";
wstring fullPath = path+ext;
GetAllFiles(files,fullPath);
for (unsigned i=0; i<files.size() ; i++)
{
try
{
wcout<<"::\n"<<files[i];
}
catch(exception &ex)
{
cout<<"Error:"<<ex.what();
}
}
}
void GetAllFiles(vector<LPCWSTR>& fileNames,wstring dir)
{
WIN32_FIND_DATA search_data;
memset(&search_data, 0, sizeof(WIN32_FIND_DATA));
HANDLE handle = FindFirstFile(dir.c_str(),&search_data);
while(handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
wprintf(L"Found file: %s\r\n", search_data.cFileName);
fileNames.push_back(search_data.cFileName);
if(FindNextFile(handle, &search_data) == FALSE)
break;
}
}
I have attached a screen shots of the output.
search_data.cFileName is a pointer to memory controlled by the FindFirstFile/FindNextFile iterator interface; you cannot store this pointer value as the pointed-to memory could change from iteration to iteration (or even be freed after the iteration completes).
Instead, you must make a copy of the string to put in your vector, e.g. using wcsdup. Even better, define your vector as a vector<wstring>, so that push_back(search_data.cFileName); creates a wstring with the contents of search_data.cFileName.
Probably that's happening because you pass local variable to push_back(). I'm not sure here, but what could happen here:
push_back expects object of type LPCWSTR, while you passing char* instead. I don't know, how this conversion is done, but probably the pointer is just copied, and the value of this pointer becomes invalid whenyou return from the function - try explicit copying the strings before passing them to push_back.
Related
I am unable to detect the memory error(memcheck error) . when i run the code i see some unexpected output came. so please describe what is happening in thes code.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char *getString()
{
char message[100]="Hello World";
char *ret = message;
return ret;
}
void test4()
{
printf("String: %s",getString());
}
int main()
{
test4();
return 0;
}
Your variable message is local to the function getString and is on the stack. After getString returns, message no longer exists, meaning that the pointer returned by getString, which was set to point to message is no longer valid.
As part of a WinRT C++cx component, what's the most efficient way to convert an unmanaged buffer of bytes (say expressed as a std::string) back and forth with a Windows::Web::Http::HttpBufferContent?
This is what I ended up with, but it doesn't seem very optimal:
std::string to HttpBufferContent:
std::string m_body = ...;
auto writer = ref new DataWriter();
writer->WriteBytes(ArrayReference<unsigned char>(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(const_cast<char*>(m_body.data())), m_body.length()));
auto content = ref new HttpBufferContent(writer->DetachBuffer());
HttpBufferContent to std::string:
HttpBufferContent^ content = ...
auto operation = content->ReadAsBufferAsync();
auto task = create_task(operation);
if (task.wait() == task_status::completed) {
auto buffer = task.get();
size_t length = buffer->Length;
if (length > 0) {
unsigned char* storage = static_cast<unsigned char*>(malloc(length));
DataReader::FromBuffer(buffer)->ReadBytes(ArrayReference<unsigned char>(storage, length));
auto m_body = std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(storage), length);
free(storage);
}
} else {
abort();
}
UPDATE: Here's the version I ended up using (you can trivially create a HttpBufferContent^ from an Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer^):
void IBufferToString(IBuffer^ buffer, std::string& string) {
Array<unsigned char>^ array = nullptr;
CryptographicBuffer::CopyToByteArray(buffer, &array); // TODO: Avoid copy
string.assign(reinterpret_cast<char*>(array->Data), array->Length);
}
IBuffer^ StringToIBuffer(const std::string& string) {
auto array = ArrayReference<unsigned char>(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(const_cast<char*>(string.data())), string.length());
return CryptographicBuffer::CreateFromByteArray(array);
}
I think you are making at least one unnecessary copy of your data in your current approach for HttpBufferContent to std::string, you could improve this by accessing the IBuffer data directly, see the accepted answer here: Getting an array of bytes out of Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer
I think it's better to use smart pointer (no memory management needed) :
#include <wrl.h>
#include <robuffer.h>
#include <memory>
using namespace Windows::Storage::Streams;
using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
IBuffer^ buffer;
ComPtr<IBufferByteAccess> byte_access;
reinterpret_cast<IInspectable*>(buffer)->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&byte_access));
std::unique_ptr<byte[]> raw_buffer = std::make_unique<byte[]>(buffer->Length);
byte_access->Buffer(raw_buffer.get());
std::string str(reinterpret_cast<char*>(raw_buffer.get())); // just 1 copy
Hello I am trying to write to a fake char device driver using:
echo > /dev/
and reading it using:
cat /dev/
My problem is that I am getting continuously the first character written printed on the terminal when I do a read with the above mentioned "cat" read method after writing using the echo method above.
My aim is to get the entire set of characters written to the driver back...
I am using dynamic memory allocation for this purpose but not getting the final result after trying many ways of rewriting the code of read() and write() in the driver. Please help..
my Makefile is correct... (I am using ubuntu with a kernel version of 2.6.33...)
My code is as below:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
static dev_t first;
static struct cdev c_dev;
static struct class *cl;
static char* k_buf = NULL;
static int my_open(struct inode *i,struct file *f)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "In driver open()\n");
return 0;
}
static int my_close(struct inode *i,struct file *f)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "In driver close()\n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t my_read(struct file *f,char __user *buf,size_t len,loff_t *off)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "In driver read()\n");
if(k_buf == NULL)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "You cannot read before writing!\n");
return -1;
}
while(*k_buf != 'EOF')
{
if(copy_to_user(buf,k_buf,1))
return -EFAULT;
off++;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t my_write(struct file *f,const char __user *buf,size_t len,loff_t *off)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "In driver write()\n");
k_buf = (char*) kmalloc(sizeof(len),GFP_KERNEL);
if(copy_from_user(k_buf,buf,len))
return -EFAULT;
off += len;
return (len);
}
static struct file_operations fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = my_open,
.release = my_close,
.read = my_read,
.write = my_write
};
static int __init rw_init(void) /*Constructor*/
{
printk(KERN_INFO "hello: rw_ch_driver registered\n");
if(alloc_chrdev_region(&first,0,1,"krishna") < 0)
{
return -1;
}
if ((cl = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"chardev")) == NULL)
{
unregister_chrdev_region(first,1);
return -1;
}
if (device_create(cl,NULL,first,NULL,"rw_char_driver") == NULL)
{
class_destroy(cl);
unregister_chrdev_region(first,1);
return -1;
}
cdev_init(&c_dev,&fops);
if(cdev_add(&c_dev,first,1) == -1)
{
device_destroy(cl,first);
class_destroy(cl);
unregister_chrdev_region(first,1);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static void __exit rw_exit(void)/*destructor*/
{
cdev_del(&c_dev);
device_destroy(cl,first);
class_destroy(cl);
unregister_chrdev_region(first,1);
printk(KERN_INFO "bye rw_chardriver unregistered");
}
module_init(rw_init);
module_exit(rw_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("krishna");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("read write character driver");
Take a careful look at your while loop in my_read().
Most important note first: you don't need this loop. You've put a return statement in it, so it is never going to execute more than once, because the whole function is going to exit when the return is reached. It looks like you're trying to make the function return a single byte at a time repeatedly, but you should just call copy_to_user once, and pass it the number of bytes you want to give back to the user instead. If you only send one character at a time that's fine. It will be up to the user to make the read call again to get the next character.
The nice thing about copy_to_user, is that its return code will tell you if it failed because of bad array bounds, so there's no need to check for EOF on every character. In fact, you are not going to get 'EOF' as a character when you are reading from your buffer because it doesn't exist. Your buffer will store characters and usually a null terminator, '\0', but there is no 'EOF' character in C. EOF is a state you need to identify yourself and report to whoever called open. For the "cat" command, this is done by returning 0 from read. That being said, you should still check your array bounds so we don't end up with another Heartbleed. This SO answer has a good suggestion for how to do bounds checking to make sure you don't send more bytes than your buffer has.
Also, give [this post(https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/981/syntax-highlighting-language-hints) a read. If you don't have your language in your question tags, it is helpful to other readers to tag your. I've edited your question to clean it up, so you can click "edit" now to see how I did it.
In my project, I use to load textures by specifying its file name. Now, I made this function const char* app_dir(std::string fileToAppend); that returns the mains argv[0] and change the application name by the fileToAppend. Since I cannot make the string manipulation easy with a char*, I use the std::string. My texture loader takes a const char* for file name so need to switch back to c_str(), now it generates a sequence of ASCII symbol characters (bug). I already fix the problem by changing the return type of the app_dir() to std::string. But why is that happening?
EDIT
sample code:
//in main I did this
extern std::string app_filepath;
int main(int argc, char** arv) {
app_filepath = argv[0];
//...
}
//on other file
std::string app_filepath;
void remove_exe_name() {
//process the app_filepath to remove the exe name
}
const char* app_dir(std::string fileToAppend) {
string str_app_fp = app_filepath;
return str_app_fp.append(fileToAppend).c_str();
//this is the function the generates the bug
}
I already have the functioning one by changing its return type to std::string as I said earlier.
A big no no :) returning pointer to local objects
return str_app_fp.append(fileToAppend).c_str();
Change your function to
std::string app_dir(const std::string& fileToAppend) {
string str_app_fp = app_filepath + fileToAppend;
return str_app_fp;
}
And on the return value use c_str()
When you using function const char* app_dir(std::string fileToAppend); you get pointer to the memory that allocated on the stack and already deleted when the function ends.
I'm trying to migrate some managed c++ code to 64bits.
I have a function that gets varargs, and when I pass a System::String variable to it, it appears not to pass correctly.
Here is a simplification of the code that shows the problem:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
void test(char* formatPtr, ...)
{
va_list args;
int bufSize;
char buffer[2600];
/////////////////////////////////////
//parse arguments from function stack
/////////////////////////////////////
va_start(args, formatPtr);
bufSize = vsprintf(buffer, (const char*) formatPtr, args);
printf(buffer);
va_end(args);
}
void main() {
System::String^ s;
s = "Shahar";
test("Hello %s", s);
getchar();
}
When this code runs in 32 bits, it displays Hello Shahar.
When it runs in 64 bits, it displays Hello Çz∟⌠■.
Assuming I want to make the least amount of changes to the code, how should I fix this?
It looks as though the problem is in the mix between managed code and varargs. It appears that they are not compatible with each other.
I don't know why this works in 32-bits, but it looks like the wrong thing to do.
I changed the code, so as to be only managed code, with no varargs.
The %s specifier expects a C-style null-terminated string, not a System::String^. C++/CLI headers provide some methods that can convert System::String^ to std::string, which can be converted to a C-string, and can probably just convert straight to a C-string.
You have other problems too. void main()? Assigning a literal to a char*? Fixed-size buffer?