I did upgrade my Ubuntu from 11.04 to 11.10. In 11.04 all this worked fine:
gcc -fopenmp -g -c -o test.o test.c -I../include
gcc -fopenmp -g -o test test.o -lnuma -lm -L../myLib -lmyL
but now, in 11.10, it gives the following errors:
../myLib/libmyL.a (get.o): In function 'get':
get.c:(.text+0xa5): undefined reference to `mbind'
Where mbind is http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man2/mbind.2.html
Plz can you help me to solve this problem? Or at least tell me what went wrong? Thanks.
Move -lnuma to after your library in the link line this will help solve the dependency - because when you have it on the link line first the linker drops it because it doesn't need it as far as it knows so far.
Oh and in answer to your possible follow up question, yes you can create circular dependencies and No the they are not fun to fix :-)
Related
I want to install MAGMA in a server(centos) in order to use the GEMM function.
I have installed CUDA and MKL in this server before i install MAGMA, and i check both is run well by runing a cuBLAS example program and a MKL example program.
Before i describe what i haved happened i must point it seem that there is no fortran in this server. So i install MAGMA by follows:
I move make.inc-examples/make.inc.mkl-gcc to ../make.inc
I modify make.inc:
I commented out:
FORT = gfortran
FFLAGS = -O3 $(FPIC) -DNDEBUG -DADD_ -Wall -Wno-unused-dummy-argument
F90FLAGS = -O3 $(FPIC) -DNDEBUG -DADD_ -Wall -Wno-unused-dummy-argument -x f95-cpp-input
and remove -lgfortran in
LIB = -lmkl_gf_lp64 -lmkl_gnu_thread -lmkl_core -lpthread -lstdc++ -lm -lgfortran
and i also set MKLROOT=/home/lixin/intel/mkl and CUDADIR=/usr/local/cuda in this file.
I run make install prefix=/home/lixin/install/, it seem well and i haven't see any error tag.
I run make test, it cause error soon:
It turn out this is a bug in testing program.Thank for #Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams point to this.
I have post this problem in MAGMA Forum, then i got a fix tar file, and this problem had solved.
If you also meet this problem, you can see this post
I know this question has been asked many times before but I have been trying to get this working for days and none of the current answers solve my problem. I'd appreciate not being linked to this post: How to build & install GLFW 3 and use it in a Linux project Most of the answers I have seen redirect there but I have gone through it thoroughly and am still having problems.
I am running Linux Mint 17.1.
I have downloaded and built GLFW 3.1.1:
*Downloaded source; extracted; terminal to extract directory*
cmake .
make install
I have also downloaded the example program at http://www.glfw.org/docs/3.0/quick.html#quick_example
I am using the following build commands:
g++ -std=c++11 -c HelloGLFW.cpp
g++ HelloGLFW.o -o main.exec -lGL -lGLU -lglfw3 -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lXrandr -lpthread -lXi
The program compiles fine but when I try to link it I get these errors:
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_init.c.o): In function `initExtensions':
x11_init.c:(.text+0x1aeb): undefined reference to `XineramaQueryExtension'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x1b05): undefined reference to `XineramaIsActive'
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_init.c.o): In function `_glfwCreateCursor':
x11_init.c:(.text+0x21f9): undefined reference to `XcursorImageCreate'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x22d0): undefined reference to `XcursorImageLoadCursor'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x22e0): undefined reference to `XcursorImageDestroy'
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_monitor.c.o): In function `_glfwPlatformGetMonitors':
x11_monitor.c:(.text+0x6e9): undefined reference to `XineramaQueryScreens'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I have also gone through the instructions on the GLFW website but they seem to be quite lacking for Linux. I have gotten it working on Linux before but that was a year ago and I can't replicate it.
Can someone please let me know all the steps required to build a program with GLFW3 on Linux (including all dependencies required)?
When glfw3 was installed using cmake a file glfw3.pc was created along with it. This is a pkg-config file and lists what libraries are required for linking.
For me this file was located in /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
The command I used to successfully build the program with was:
g++ HelloGLFW.cpp -lglfw3 -lX11 -lXrandr -lXinerama -lXi -lXxf86vm -lXcursor -lGL -lpthread
The GLFW site does list details at http://www.glfw.org/docs/latest/build.html#build_link_pkgconfig but it's a bit unclear what to look for if you aren't that familiar with Linux systems.
Specificity the instructions list this command for compiling with the static glfw3 library:
cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --static --libs glfw3`
and with the dynamic glfw3 library:
cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --libs glfw3`
I am rather new to Linux (using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64bit), coming from Windows, and am attempting to port over an existing CUDA project of mine.
When linking via
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -arch=compute_30 -code=sm_30,compute_30 -o Main.o Display.o FileUtil.o Timer.o NeuralNetwork.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lGL -lGLU -lcuda -lcudart
I encounter the following error:
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_clipboard.c.o): undefined reference to symbol 'XConvertSelection'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [CUDANN] Error 1
The answer seems closely related to the solutions in this post (Strange linking error: DSO missing from command line), though given my inexperience with Linux I was unable to adapt them to my own problem.
Any ideas on what the problem could be?
Here is the full output during compilation: https://gist.github.com/wbolden/857eddd11e4dcb915c02
And here is my attempt at a Makefile:
https://gist.github.com/wbolden/135033daae04ed0d8cf3
Hopefully this will be of help to those, like me, who are new to Linux and don't find anything related to Linux to be particularly obvious.
As noted by talonmies, I am not able to link indirectly and as such need to specify any additional libraries required by the libraries I am using. That is to say, if I link library A, which requires libraries B and C, I need to link all three libraries for the program to link correctly.
To find what other libraries were needed I used the pkg-config command, for which I found a guide here. Running pkg-config --print-requires --print-requires-private glfw3 gave the following output, which is the list of packages required by glfw3.
x11
xrandr
xi
xxf86vm
gl
I was then able to find what libraries I needed to include by running pkg-config --libs, followed by the name of the library. For example, pkg-config --libs x11 yielded -lX11.
Note: you can pass multiple items to pkg-config as input, so running
pkg-config --libs $(pkg-config --print-requires --print-requires-private glfw3)
will print out all the additional libraries you need to link (-lX11 -lXrandr -lXi -lXxf86vm -lGL).
My program now links successfully, I hope this helpful to anyone with a similar problem.
Your linker need X11 library,You need to specify -lX11 to linker
Try
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -arch=compute_30 -code=sm_30,compute_30 -o Main.o Display.o FileUtil.o Timer.o NeuralNetwork.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lGL -lGLU -lcuda -lcudart -lX11
Try to add -pthread at the end of the library list (command line) in the Makefile.
It worked for me.
Use the following commands to fix the issue:
FLAGS=-lX11 ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static
make
make install
I have an error making a code project because of what I believe is a missing routine from lapack:
HomographyInit.cc:(.text+0x385): undefined reference to `dgesvd_'
I think I need to add lapack library somehow to my Makefile. Here is part of my Makefile:
CC = g++
COMPILEFLAGS = -I MY_CUSTOM_INCLUDE_PATH -D_LINUX -D_REENTRANT -Wall -O3 -march=nocona -msse3
LINKFLAGS = -L MY_CUSTOM_LINK_PATH -lGVars3 -lcvd
I tried doing the following to no avail:
CC = g++
COMPILEFLAGS = -I MY_CUSTOM_INCLUDE_PATH -D_LINUX -D_REENTRANT -Wall -O3 -march=nocona -msse3
LINKFLAGS = -L MY_CUSTOM_LINK_PATH -lGVars3 -lcvd **-llapack**
Result:
make
...
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -llapack
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
How can I add lapack to my project? I am pretty sure I installed it correctly, though would be willing to double-check that somehow.
It looks like liblapack isn't in the path that ld can find. I would suggest two things:
Establish a symbolic link manually. It is possible (and sometimes common) that ld cannot recognize liblapack.so.3gf or liblapack.so.3.0.1 or so are essentially liblapack.so. You can set up a link by ln -s liblapack.so.3gf liblapack.so
Install liblapack-dev package instead if you're using ubuntu or debian repos. For some unclear reasons, liblapack3gf is not the same as liblapack-dev. I am not sure if in any circumstances, both will do or not do the same thing.
I think the first item should be able to resolve your problem (hopefully).
On my computer the dynamic library is in /usr/lib64/liblapack.so.3.4.1 and contains the requested symbol:
$ nm -D /usr/lib64/liblapack.so.3.4.1 | grep dgesvd
0000000000189200 T dgesvd_
So I would guess that the place where your lapack is installed is not in the linker search path. You should add the flag -L/path/to/the/lapackdir to LINKFLAGS
I'm trying to use std.net.curl on 32-bit Ubuntu Linux (11.10 Ocelot) using DMD 2.058.
When I build (dmd source.d) I get:
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticCtor30FZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticCtor30FZv+0x6): undefined reference to `curl_global_init'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticDtor31FZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticDtor31FZv+0x4): undefined reference to `curl_global_cleanup'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl_12fd_140.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4HTTP4Impl6__dtorMFZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4HTTP4Impl6__dtorMFZv+0x12): undefined reference to `curl_slist_free_all'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl_12fd_140.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4HTTP3dupMFZS3std3net4curl4HTTP':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4HTTP3dupMFZS3std3net4curl4HTTP+0x53): undefined reference to `curl_slist_append'
[snip]
I added -L-lcurl to my command line (full command: dmd source.d -L-lcurl) but I get the exact same result. I have libcurl4-openssl installed. I can build a simple C curl program on this computer without issue (gcc simple.c -lcurl). I'm not sure where to look from here to figure this out.
Update: Here is how the linker is invoked according to dmd -v:
gcc source.o -o source -m32 -lcurl -Xlinker -L/usr/lib -Xlinker -L/usr/lib64 -Xlinker --no-warn-search-mismatch -Xlinker --export-dynamic -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lrt
As you yourself discovered, the order of libraries is incorrect. A quote from "An Introduction to GCC": "A library which calls an external function defined in another library should appear before the library containing the function." In your case libphobos calls external library's (libcurl) function(s), so I guess libphobos should go before libcurl.
The book is available online. Chapter related to the OT is here: http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_18.html
The DMD compiler is clearly broken in this respect. I published a patch to fix it (maybe not the best) but the maintainer of the compiler is not convinced this needs to be fixed at all so there is no much discussion about it.
https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/dmd/pull/497
http://d.puremagic.com/issues/show_bug.cgi?id=7044
Seemingly the simplest way to fix the phobos2/curl linker order problem, as mentioned elsewhere in this thread:
dmd source.d -L-lphobos2 -L-lcurl
Works like a charm for me.
I figured out if I obtain the linker command through -v and reorder it so the -lcurl is at the end it links without issue.
gcc source.o -o source -m32 -Xlinker -L/usr/lib -Xlinker -L/usr/lib64 -Xlinker --no-warn-search-mismatch -Xlinker --export-dynamic -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lrt -lcurl
I'm still curious if there is a way to fix this without manually running the linker.