Trying to set the existing exchanges (inputs) of an activity to zero and additionally adding an exchange, the following is returned:
"MultipleResults("Multiple production exchanges found")"
"NoResults: No suitable production exchanges founds"
Firstly I set all the input amounts to zero except for the output:
for idx, item in enumerate(ds['exchanges']):
item['amount'] = 0
ds['exchanges'][0]['amount'] = 1
Secondly, I add the a new exchange:
ds['exchanges'].append({
'amount': 1,
'input': (new['database'], new['code']),
'type': 'technosphere',
'name': new['name'],
'location': new['location']
})
Writing the database in the last steps returns the errors.
w.write_brightway2_database(DB, NEW_DB_NAME)
Does anyone see where the problem could be or if there are alternative ways to replace multiple inputs with another one?
Thanks a lot for any hints!
Lukas
Full error traceback:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
NoResults Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-d4f2dde2b33d> in <module>
2
3 NEW_DB_NAME = "ecoinvent_copy_new"
----> 4 w.write_brightway2_database(ecoinvent, NEW_DB_NAME)
5
6 # Check for new databases
~\Miniconda3\envs\ab\lib\site-packages\wurst\brightway\write_database.py in write_brightway2_database(data, name)
47
48 change_db_name(data, name)
---> 49 link_internal(data)
50 check_internal_linking(data)
51 check_duplicate_codes(data)
~\Miniconda3\envs\ab\lib\site-packages\wurst\linking.py in link_internal(data, fields)
11 input_databases = get_input_databases(data)
12 get_tuple = lambda exc: tuple([exc[f] for f in fields])
---> 13 products = {
14 get_tuple(reference_product(ds)): (ds['database'], ds['code'])
15 for ds in data
~\Miniconda3\envs\ab\lib\site-packages\wurst\linking.py in <dictcomp>(.0)
12 get_tuple = lambda exc: tuple([exc[f] for f in fields])
13 products = {
---> 14 get_tuple(reference_product(ds)): (ds['database'], ds['code'])
15 for ds in data
16 }
~\Miniconda3\envs\ab\lib\site-packages\wurst\searching.py in reference_product(ds)
82 and exc['type'] == 'production']
83 if not excs:
---> 84 raise NoResults("No suitable production exchanges founds")
85 elif len(excs) > 1:
86 raise MultipleResults("Multiple production exchanges found")
NoResults: No suitable production exchanges found
It seems that setting the exchanges to zero caused the problem. The database cannot be written in this case. What I did now is setting the exchanges to a very small number, so that they have no effect on the impact assessment, but are not zero. Not the most elegant way, but works for me. So if anyone has similar problems, that might be a quick solution.
I am trying to reading this pajek file in Google Colab's version of Jupyter and I get an error when executing the following very simple code:
J = nx.MultiDiGraph()
J=nx.read_pajek("/content/data/graphdatasets/jazz.net")
print(nx.info(J))
The error is the following:
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/networkx/readwrite/pajek.py in parse_pajek(lines)
211 except AttributeError:
212 splitline = shlex.split(str(l))
--> 213 id, label = splitline[0:2]
214 labels.append(label)
215 G.add_node(label)
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)
With pip show networkx, I see that I'm running Networkx version: 2.3. Am I doing something wrong in the code?
Update: Pasting below the file's first few lines:
*Vertices 198
*Arcs
*Edges
1 8 1
1 24 1
1 35 1
1 42 1
1 46 1
1 60 1
1 74 1
1 78 1
According to the Pajek definition the first two lines of your file are not according to the standard. After *vertices n, n lines with details about the vertices are expected. In addition, *edges and *arcs is a duplicate. NetworkX assumes use for an edge list, which started with *arcs a MultiDiGraph and for *edges a MultiGraph (see current code). To resolve your problem, you only need to delete the first two lines of your .net-file.
Preface:
I have a dual interface smart card reader that has some extended capabilities (other than sending APDU commands to card and receiving APDU responses).
For example in its document it is mentioned that you can get firmware version of your reader using following command:
GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION: FF 69 44 42 05 68 92 00 05 00
In its tool, there is a button for this function and it works fine:
I even sniffed USB port to see what exactly exchanged in the connection between my PC and my reader for this function:
Command:
Response:
Problem:
I want to get my reader version (and maybe send other extended commands) using other tools or via code, but I must insert a card in the card reader to be able sending commands, otherwise I receive No Card Present exception, while I don't want to send commands to card! (The reader tool answers successfully to GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION without any card available in the reader's slots)
What I did so far:
1.I tried some tools, including OpenSCTool , PyAPDUTool, and another reader's tool.
2.I wrote following python script to send extended commands.
#--- Importing required modules.
import sys
import time
sys.path.append("D:\\PythonX\\Lib\\site-packages")
from smartcard.scard import *
import smartcard.util
from smartcard.System import readers
#---This is the list of commands that we want to send device
cmds =[[,0xFF,0x69,0x44,0x42,0x05,0x68,0x92,0x00,0x04,0x00],]
#--- Let's to make a connection to the card reader
r=readers()
print "Available Readers :",r
print
target_reader = input("--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): ")
print
while(True):
try:
print "Using :",r[target_reader]
reader = r[target_reader]
connection=reader.createConnection()
connection.connect()
break
except:
print "--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)"
ans = raw_input("--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)")
if int(ans)==0:
exit()
elif int(ans)==2:
target_reader = input("Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): ")
#--- An struct for APDU responses consist of Data, SW1 and SW2
class stru:
def __init__(self):
self.data = list()
self.sw1 = 0
self.sw2 = 0
resp = stru()
def send(cmds):
for cmd in cmds:
#--- Following 5 line added to have a good format of command in the output.
temp = stru() ;
temp.data[:]=cmd[:]
temp.sw1=12
temp.sw2=32
modifyFormat(temp)
print "req: ", temp.data
resp.data,resp.sw1,resp.sw2 = connection.transmit(cmd)
modifyFormat(resp)
printResponse(resp)
def modifyFormat(resp):
resp.sw1=hex(resp.sw1)
resp.sw2=hex(resp.sw2)
if (len(resp.sw2)<4):
resp.sw2=resp.sw2[0:2]+'0'+resp.sw2[2]
for i in range(0,len(resp.data)):
resp.data[i]=hex(resp.data[i])
if (len(resp.data[i])<4):
resp.data[i]=resp.data[i][0:2]+'0'+resp.data[i][2]
def printResponse(resp):
print "res: ", resp.data,resp.sw1,resp.sw2
send(cmds)
connection.disconnect()
Output:
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
Available Readers : ['CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0', 'CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0']
--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 0
Using : CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0
--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)
--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
Available Readers : ['CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0', 'CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0']
--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 1
Using : CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0
--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)
--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)
But both have the mentioned problem!
Questions:
1- How to send extended commands to reader while there is no card available?
2- Why I can't see command header in the sniffed data? (Note that, as Header is a pre-designated fixed value for all extended commands, I think the reader tool doesn't send the header with GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION command and it send only the data! but how does it works?)
Update:
Using trial and error I found something useful.
Assumptions:
Pseudo-APDUs fixed header = FF 69 44 42
Pseudo-APDU data field for GET_READER_FIRMWARE_VERSION = 68 92 00 04 00
Pseudo-APDU data field for CHANGE_SAM_SLOT = 68 92 01 00 03 XX 00 00
(My reader has two SAM slots, so XX can be 01 or 02)
SELECT APDU command = 00 A4 04 00 00
Ok, I wrote the following Java Program:
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.smartcardio.Card;
import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
import javax.smartcardio.TerminalFactory;
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
public class TestPCSC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CardException {
TerminalFactory tf = TerminalFactory.getDefault();
List< CardTerminal> terminals = tf.terminals().list();
System.out.println("Available Readers:");
System.out.println(terminals + "\n");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
int readerNum = Integer.parseInt(input);
CardTerminal cardTerminal = (CardTerminal) terminals.get(readerNum);
Card connection = cardTerminal.connect("DIRECT");
CardChannel cardChannel = connection.getBasicChannel();
System.out.println("Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.");
System.out.println("\n---------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Pseudo-APDU Mode:");
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");
while (true) {
System.out.println("Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)");
String cmd = scanner.nextLine();
if (cmd.equals("0")) {
break;
}
System.out.println("Command : " + cmd);
byte[] cmdArray = hexStringToByteArray(cmd);
byte[] resp = connection.transmitControlCommand(CONTROL_CODE(), cmdArray);
String hex = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(resp);
System.out.println("Response : " + hex + "\n");
}
System.out.println("\n---------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("APDU Mode:");
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");
while (true) {
System.out.println("APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)");
String cmd = scanner.nextLine();
if (cmd.equals("0")) {
break;
}
System.out.println("Command : " + cmd);
byte[] cmdArray = hexStringToByteArray(cmd);
ResponseAPDU resp = cardChannel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(cmdArray));
byte[] respB = resp.getBytes();
String hex = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(respB);
System.out.println("Response : " + hex + "\n");
}
connection.disconnect(true);
}
public static int CONTROL_CODE() {
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
if (osName.indexOf("windows") > -1) {
/* Value used by both MS' CCID driver and SpringCard's CCID driver */
return (0x31 << 16 | 3500 << 2);
} else {
/* Value used by PCSC-Lite */
return 0x42000000 + 1;
}
}
public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
int len = s.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
}
In the above program, I can send commands to my reader using both connection.transmitControlCommand and cardChannel.transmit() methods. The point is that, all the commands that send to the reader using first method, are assumed as Pseudo-APDU command and I should not use the Psedo-APDU header for them! And all the commands that send to the reader using second method, are assumed as regular APDU commands, so if I need to send Pseudo-APDU commands via second method, I must add the Pseudo-APDU header to it.
Let see output for the contact-less reader:
run:
Available Readers:
[PC/SC terminal ACS ACR122 0,
PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0,
PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0]
Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): 1
Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.
---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6800
//Based on reader's documents, 0x6800 means "Class byte is not correct"
//As I have a regular java card in the RF field of my reader, I conclude that
//this response is Reader's response (and not card response)
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
6892000400
Command : 6892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100039000
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
FF694442056892000400
Command : FF694442056892000400
Response : 6800
//Pseudo-APDU commands doesn't work in Pseudo-APDU mode if I add the Pseudo-APDU header to them.
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6800
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
0
---------------------------------------------------
APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6F198408A000000018434D00A50D9F6E061291921101009F6501FF9000
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
6892000400
Command : 6892000400
Response : 6E00
//This is the response of my card. I can't receive Firmware version in APDU mode using this command without Pseudo-APDU header.
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
FF694442056892000400
Command : FF694442056892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100099000
//I successfully received Firmware version in APDU mode using the fixed Pseudo-APDU header.
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6F198408A000000018434D00A50D9F6E061291921101009F6501FF9000
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
0
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 minute 36 seconds)
Is there any problem still?
Yes, two problems!:
1-the above program works fine only for its first run. I mean, if I stop running and rerun it, the second method throw an exception:
run:
Available Readers:
[PC/SC terminal ACS ACR122 0, PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0, PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0]
Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): 1
Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.
---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6800
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
FF694442056892000400
Command : FF694442056892000400
Response : 6800
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
6892000400
Command : 6892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100049000
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Response : 6800
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
0
---------------------------------------------------
APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command : 00A4040000
Exception in thread "main" javax.smartcardio.CardException: sun.security.smartcardio.PCSCException: Unknown error 0x16
at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.doTransmit(ChannelImpl.java:219)
at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.transmit(ChannelImpl.java:90)
at TestPCSC.main(TestPCSC.java:58)
Caused by: sun.security.smartcardio.PCSCException: Unknown error 0x16
at sun.security.smartcardio.PCSC.SCardTransmit(Native Method)
at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.doTransmit(ChannelImpl.java:188)
... 2 more
Java Result: 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 39 seconds)
As you see above, I can't use second method anymore and I need to power-off the reader and power on it again to make it work fine again.
2-The contact interface (I mean the SAM reader) throw previous exception always! I mean the second method doesn`t work at all (neither first run, nor second and third .... )
Note that I tried different readers, it seems that this is not limited only ti this reader. Some ACS readers also have a similar or exactly the same problem with rerun
Does anyone have any idea?
And as a side question, does Python have any equal methods for sending Pseudo-APDU like Java?
And finally, from the view of Reader, what's the difference between connection.transmitControlCommand and cardChannel.transmit() methods?
When you stop "Smart Card" service, does the tool still return a firmware version? If yes, then the tool might use raw IOCTL commands (DeviceIoControl) to communicate with the driver.
Also take a look at this question. The author says you have to set SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED as protocol parameter:
SCardConnect(hSC,
readerState.szReader,
SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT,
SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED,
&hCH,
&dwAP
);
I just tried it and it seems to work for Windows 10 at least. Communication was possible with no card inserted. I did not test for other Windows versions though.
readers() is array index of available readers
reader = r[target_reader]
convert
reader = r[int(target_reader)]
output
Available Readers : ['JAVACOS Virtual Contact Reader 0', 'JAVACOS Virtual Contactless Reader 1', 'OMNIKEY CardMan 3x21 0']
--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 2
Using : OMNIKEY CardMan 3x21 0
ATR : 3B 9E 94 80 1F 47 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 66 86 88 02 14 4B 10 19
At the risk of posting a duplicate, I am new here and don't have a rating yet so it wouldn't let me comment on the only relevant similar question I did find here:
Zurb Foundation for Apps - CLI Fails.
Zurb Foundation for Apps - CLI Fails
However I tried the answer there and I still get the same fail.
My message is :
(I don't have a reputation so I can't post images "!##"):
but it is essentially the same as the other post except mine mentions line 118 of foundationCLI.js where theirs notes line 139. Also the answer said to fix line 97 but in mine that code is on line 99.
92 // NEW
93 // Clones the Foundation for Apps template and installs dependencies
94 module.exports.new = function(args, options) {
95 var projectName = args[0];
96 var gitClone = ['git', 'clone', 'https://github.com/zurb/foundation-apps-template.git', args[0]];
97 var npmInstall = [npm, 'install'];
98 var bowerInstall = [bower, 'install'];
99 var bundleInstall = [bundle.bat];
100 if (isRoot()) bowerInstall.push('--allow-root');
101
102 // Show help screen if the user didn't enter a project name
103 if (typeof projectName === 'undefined') {
104 this.help('new');
105 process.exit();
106 }
107
108 yeti([
109 'Thanks for using Foundation for Apps!',
110 '-------------------------------------',
111 'Let\'s set up a new project.',
112 'It shouldn\'t take more than a minute.'
113 ]);
114
115 // Clone the template repo
116 process.stdout.write("\nDownloading the Foundation for Apps template...".cyan);
117 exec(gitClone, function(err, out, code) {
118 if (err instanceof Error) throw err;
119
120 process.stdout.write([
121 "\nDone downloading!".green,
122 "\n\nInstalling dependencies...".cyan,
123 "\n"
124 ].join(''));
I also posted an error log here
https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/7024
yesterday, as directed in the following error message: (which I am unable to post the image of "!##").
But I have yet to receive a response there.
Any idea how I can get past this so I can start an app?
Thanks, A
You may need to also install the git command-line client. On line 117, the foundation-cli.js is trying to run git clone and this is failing.
Could you please run
git --version
and paste the text (not image) of the output you see?
If you have installed git already (e.g., because you have Github for Windows < https://windows.github.com/ > ) then you may need to use the Git Shell shortcut or close/re-open your command prompt window in order to use git on the command line.
Once you've installed git and closed/reopened your shell, try the command
foundation-apps new myApp again.
I am beta testing an application that includes a Firefox extension as one component. It was originally deployed when FF3.5.5 was the latest version, and survived 3.5.6 and 3.5.7. However on FF3.6 I'm getting the following in my error console:
Warning: reference to undefined property Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2
Source file: chrome://overthewall/content/otwhelper.js
Line: 55
Error: Component returned failure code: 0x80570018 (NS_ERROR_XPC_BAD_IID)
[nsIJSCID.createInstance]
Source file: chrome://overthewall/content/otwhelper.js
Line: 55
The function throwing the error is:
48 function otwRunHelper(cmd, aCallback) {
49 var file =
50 Components.classes["#mozilla.org/file/local;1"].
51 createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);
52 file.initWithPath(otwRegInstallDir+'otwhelper.exe');
53
54 otwProcess = Components.classes["#mozilla.org/process/util;1"]
55 .createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2);
56
57 otwProcess.init(file);
58 var params = new Array();
59 params = cmd.split(' ');
60
61 otwNextCallback = aCallback;
62 otwObserver = new otwHelperProcess();
63 otwProcess.runAsync(params, params.length, otwObserver, false);
64 }
As you can see, all this function does is run an external EXE helper file (located by a registry key) with some command line parameters and sets up an Observer to asynchronously wait for a response and process the Exit code.
The offending line implies that Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2 is no longer defined in FF3.6. Where did it go? I can't find anything in the Mozilla documentation indicating that it has been changed in the latest release.
The method on nsIProcess2 was moved to nsIProcess. For your code to work in both versions, change this line:
otwProcess = Components.classes["#mozilla.org/process/util;1"]
.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2);
to this:
otwProcess = Components.classes["#mozilla.org/process/util;1"]
.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2 || Components.interfaces.nsIProcess);
You will still get the warning, but the error will go away, and your code will work just fine in both versions. You could also store the interface iid in a variable and use the variable:
let iid = ("nsIProcess2" in Components.interfaces) ?
Components.interfaces.nsIProcess2 :
Components.interfaces.nsIProcess;
otwProcess = Components.classes["#mozilla.org/process/util;1"]
.createInstance(iid);