i have the file virt.txt contains:
0302 000000 23071SOCIETY 117
0602 000000000000000001 PAYMENT BANK
I want to remove 3 whitespaces from 6th to 8th column to the first line only.
I do:
sed '1s/[[:blank:]]+[[:blank:]]+[[:blank:]]//6' virt.txt
it'KO
please help
Your regex would consume all the available blanks from a sequence of three or more (in a quite inefficient way) and replace the sixth occurrence of that. Because your first input line does not contain six or more separate stretches of three or more whitespace characters, it actually did nothing. But you can in fact use sed to do exactly what you say you want:
sed '1s/^\(.....\) /\1/' virt.txt
(or for convenience, if you have sed -E or the variant sed -r which works on some platforms, but neither of these is standard):
sed -E '1s/^(.{5}) {3}/\1/' virt.txt # -E is not portable
The parentheses capture the first five characters into a back reference, and we then use the first back reference \1 as the replacement string, effectively replacing only the text which matched outside the parentheses.
If your sed supports the -i option, you can use that to modify the file directly; but this is also not standard, so the most portable solution is to write the result to a new file, then move it back on top of the original file if you want to replace it.
sed is convenient if you are familiar with it, but as you are clearly not, perhaps a better approach would be to use a different language, ideally one which is not write-only for many users, like sed.
If you know the three characters will always be spaces, just do a static replacement.
awk 'NR==1 { $0 = substr($0, 1, 5) substr($0, 9) } 1' virt.txt
On the first line (NR is the current input line number) replace the input line $0 with a catenation of the substrings on both sides of the part you want to cut.
For a simple replacement like that, you can also use basic Unix text manipulation utilities, though it's rather inefficient and inelegant:
head -n 1 virt.txt | cut -c1-5,9- >newfile.txt
tail -n +2 virt.txt >>newfile.txt
If you need to check that the three characters are spaces, the Awk script only needs a minor tweak.
awk 'NR==1 && /^.{5} {3}/ { $0 = substr($0, 1, 5) substr($0, 9) } 1' virt.txt
You should vaguely recognize the regex from above. Awk is less succinct, but as a consequence also quite a lot more readable, than sed.
Related
I have my data in a file store by lines like this :
3.172704445659,50.011996744997,3.1821975358417,50.012335988197,3.2174797791605,50.023182479597
And I would like 2 columns :
3.172704445659 50.011996744997
3.1821975358417 50.012335988197
3.2174797791605 50.023182479597
I know sed command for delete ','(sed "s/,/ /") but I don't know how to "back to line" every two digits ?
Do you have any ideas ?
One in awk:
$ awk -F, '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)printf "%s%s",$i,(i%2&&i!=NF?OFS:ORS)}' file
Output:
3.172704445659 50.011996744997
3.1821975358417 50.012335988197
3.2174797791605 50.023182479597
Solution viable for those without knowledge of awk command - simple for loop over an array of numbers.
IFS=',' read -ra NUMBERS < file
NUMBERS_ON_LINE=2
INDEX=0
for NUMBER in "${NUMBERS[#]}"; do
if (($INDEX==$NUMBERS_ON_LINE-1)); then
INDEX=0
echo "$NUMBER"
else
((INDEX++))
echo -n "$NUMBER "
fi
done
Since you already tried sed, here is a solution using sed:
sed -r "s/(([^,]*,){2})/\1\n/g; s/,\n/\n/g" YOURFILE
-r uses sed extended regexp
there are two substitutions used:
the first substitution, with the (([^,]*,){2}) part, captures two comma separated numbers at once and store them into \1 for reuse: \1 holds in your example at the first match: 3.172704445659,50.011996744997,. Notice: both commas are present.
(([^,]*,){2}) means capture a sequence consisting of NOT comma - that is the [^,]* part followed by a ,
we want two such sequences - that is the (...){2} part
and we want to capture it for reuse in \1 - that is the outer pair of parentheses
then substitute with \1\n - that just inserts the newline after the match, in other words a newline after each second comma
as we have now a comma before the newline that we need to get rid of, we do a second substitution to achieve that:
s/,\n/\n/g
a comma followed by newline is replace with only newline - in other words the comma is deleted
awk and sed are powerful tools, and in fact constitute programming languages in their own right. So, they can, of course, handle this task with ease.
But so can bash, which will have the benefits of being more portable (no outside dependencies), and executing faster (as it uses only built-in functions):
IFS=$', \n'
values=($(</path/to/file))
printf '%.13f %.13f\n' "${values[#]}"
I have a enormous long file with the text separated as
subtlechanges|NEW=19647490,subtlec|NEW=19638255
and I want the text like
subtlechanges,subtle.
I tried using the \|.*$ but it is removing everything after the first pipe. Any guess. Thanks in advance
If I understand you correctly, we have a file that may look like:
$ cat file
subtlechanges|NEW=19647490,subtle|NEW=19638255
And, we want to remove everything from a pipe character to the next comma. In that case:
$ sed 's/|[^,]*//g' file
subtlechanges,subtle
How it works
In sed, substitute commands look like s/old/new/g where old is a regular expression for what is removed, new is what gets substituted in, and the final g signifies that we want to do this not just once per line but as many times per line as we can.
The regular expression that we use for old here is |[^,]*. This matches a pipe, |, and any characters after up to, but not including, the first comma.
Another approach, using comma or pipe as the field separator, print the 1st, 3rd, ... every odd field.
awk -F '[,|]' '{
sep=""
for (i=1; i<NF; i+=2) {
printf "%s%s", sep, $i
sep=","
}
print ""
}' file
Im trying to replace numbers in my textfile by adding one to them. i.e.
sed 's/3/4/g' path.txt
sed 's/2/3/g' path.txt
sed 's/1/2/g' path.txt
Instead of this, Can i automate it, i.e. find a /d and add one to it in the replace.
Something like
sed 's/\([0-8]\)/\1+1/g' path.txt
Also wanted to capture more than one digit i.e. ([0-9])\t([0-9]) and change each one keeping the tab inbetween
Thanks
edited #2
Using the perl example,
I also would like it to work with more digits i.e.
perl -pi~ -e 's/(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/ ($1+1)\.($2+1)\.($3+1)\.($4+1) /ge' output.txt
Any tips on making the above work?
There is no support for arithmetic in sed, but you can easily do this in Perl.
perl -pe 's/(\d+)/ $1+1 /ge'
With the /e option, the replacement expression needs to be valid Perl code. So to handle your final updated example, you need
perl -pi~ -e 's/(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/ $1+1 . "." $2+1 . "." . $3+1 . "." . $4+1 /ge'
where strings are properly quoted and adjacent strings are concatenated together with the . Perl string concatenation operator. (The arithmetic numbers are coerced into strings as well when they are concatenated with a string.)
... Though of course, the first script already does that more elegantly, since with the /g flag it already increments every sequence of digits with one, anywhere in the string.
Triplee's perl solution is the more generic answer, but Michal's sed solution works well for this particular case. However, Michal's sed solution is more easily written:
sed y/12345678/23456789/ path.txt
and is better implemented as
tr 12345678 23456789 < path.txt
This utterly fails to handle 2 digit numbers (as in the edited question).
You can do it with sed but it's not easy, see this thread.
And it's hard with awk too, see this.
I'd rather use perl for this (something like this can be seen in action # ideone):
perl -pe 's/([0-8])/$1+1/e'
(The ideone.com example must have some looping as ideone does not sets -pe by default.)
You can't do addition directly in sed - you could do it in awk by matching numbers using a regex in each line and increasing the value, but it's quite complicated. If do not need to handle arbitrary numbers but a limited set, like only single-digit numbers from 0 to 8, you can just put several replacement commands on a single sed command line by separating them with semicolons:
sed 's/8/9/g ; s/7/8/g; s/6/7/g; s/5/6/g; s/4/5/g; s/3/4/g; s/2/3/g; s/1/2/g; s/0/1/g' path.txt
This might work for you (GNU sed & Bash):
sed 's/[0-9]/$((&+1))/g;s/.*/echo "&"/e' file
This will add one to every individual digit, to increment numbers:
sed 's/[0-9]\+/$((&+1))/g;s/.*/echo "&"/e' file
N.B. This method is fraught with problems and may cause unexpected results.
What is the simplest way to sort a list of lines, sorting on the last field of each line? Each line may have a variable number of fields.
Something like
sort -k -1
is what I want, but sort(1) does not take negative numbers to select fields from the end instead of the start.
I'd also like to be able to choose the field delimiter too.
Edit: To add some specificity to the question: The list I want to sort is a list of pathnames. The pathnames may be of arbitrary depth hence the variable number of fields. I want to sort on the filename component.
This additional information may change how one manipulates the line to extract the last field (basename(1) may be used), but does not change sorting requirements.
e.g.
/a/b/c/10-foo
/a/b/c/20-bar
/a/b/c/50-baz
/a/d/30-bob
/a/e/f/g/h/01-do-this-first
/a/e/f/g/h/99-local
I want this list sorted on the filenames, which all start with numbers indicating the order the files should be read.
I've added my answer below which is how I am currently doing it. I had hoped there was a simpler way - maybe a different sort utility - perhaps without needing to manipulate the data.
awk '{print $NF,$0}' file | sort | cut -f2- -d' '
Basically, this command does:
Repeat the last field at the beginning, separated with a whitespace (default OFS)
Sort, resolve the duplicated filenames using the full path ($0) for sorting
Cut the repeated first field, f2- means from the second field to the last
Here's a Perl command line (note that your shell may require you to escape the $s):
perl -e "print sort {(split '/', $a)[-1] <=> (split '/', $b)[-1]} <>"
Just pipe the list into it or, if the list is in a file, put the filename at the end of the command line.
Note that this script does not actually change the data, so you don't have to be careful about what delimeter you use.
Here's sample output:
>perl -e "print sort {(split '/', $a)[-1] <=> (split '/', $b)[-1]} " files.txt
/a/e/f/g/h/01-do-this-first
/a/b/c/10-foo
/a/b/c/20-bar
/a/d/30-bob
/a/b/c/50-baz
/a/e/f/g/h/99-local
something like this
awk '{print $NF"|"$0}' file | sort -t"|" -k1 | awk -F"|" '{print $NF }'
A one-liner in perl for reversing the order of the fields in a line:
perl -lne 'print join " ", reverse split / /'
You could use it once, pipe the output to sort, then pipe it back and you'd achieve what you want. You can change / / to / +/ so it squeezes spaces. And you're of course free to use whatever regular expression you want to split the lines.
I think the only solution would be to use awk:
Put the last field to the front using awk.
Sort lines.
Put the first field to the end again.
Replace the last delimiter on the line with another delimiter that does not otherwise appear in the list, sort on the second field using that other delimiter as the sort(1) delimiter, and then revert the delimiter change.
delim=/
new_delim=" "
cat $list \
| sed "s|\(.*\)$delim|\1$new_delim|" \
| sort -t"$new_delim" -k 2,2 \
| sed "s|$new_delim|$delim|"
The problem is knowing what delimiter to use that does not appear in the list. You can make multiple passes over the list and then grep for a succession of potential delimiters, but it's all rather nasty - particularly when the concept of "sort on the last field of a line" is so simply expressed, yet the solution is not.
Edit: One safe delimiter to use for $new_delim is NUL since that cannot appear in filenames, but I don't know how to put a NUL character into a bourne/POSIX shell script (not bash) and whether sort and sed will properly handle it.
#!/usr/bin/ruby
f = ARGF.read
lines = f.lines
broken = lines.map {|l| l.split(/:/) }
sorted = broken.sort {|a, b|
a[-1] <=> b[-1]
}
fixed = sorted.map {|s| s.join(":") }
puts fixed
If all the answers involve perl or awk, might as well solve the whole thing in the scripting language. (Incidentally, I tried in Perl first and quickly remembered that I dislike Perl's lists-of-lists. I'd love to see a Perl guru's version.)
I want this list sorted on the filenames, which all start with numbers
indicating the order the files should be read.
find . | sed 's#.*/##' | sort
the sed replaces all parts of the list of results that ends in slashes. the filenames are whats left, and you sort on that.
Here is a python oneliner version, note that it assumes the field is integer, you can change that as needed.
echo file.txt | python3 -c 'import sys; list(map(sys.stdout.write, sorted(sys.stdin, key=lambda x: int(x.rsplit(" ", 1)[-1]))))'
| sed "s#(.*)/#\1"\\$'\x7F'\# \
| sort -t\\$'\x7F' -k2,2 \
| sed s\#\\$'\x7F'"#/#"
Still way worse than simple negative field indexes for sort(1) but using the DEL character as delimiter shouldn’t cause any problem in this case.
I also like how symmetrical it is.
sort allows you to specify the delimiter with the -t option, if I remember it well. To compute the last field, you can do something like counting the number of delimiters in a line and sum one. For instance something like this (assuming the ":" delimiter):
d=`head -1 FILE | tr -cd : | wc -c`
d=`expr $d + 1`
($d now contains the last field index).
I have a file like the following:
1,
cake:01351
12,
bun:1063
scone:13581
biscuit:1931
14,
jelly:1385
I need to convert it so that when a number is read at the start of a line it is combined with the line beneath it, but if there is no number at the start the line is left as is. This would be the output that I need:
1,cake:01351
12,bun:1063
scone:13581
biscuit:1931
14,jelly:1385
Having a lot of trouble achieving this with sed, it seems it may not be the best way for what I think should be quite simple.
Any suggestions greatly appreciated.
A very basic sed implementation:
sed -e '/^[0-9]/{N;s/\n//;}'
This relies on the first character on only the 'number' lines being a number (as you specified).
It
matches lines starting with a number, ^[0-9]
brings in the next line, N
deletes the embedded newline, s/\n//
This is a file on my intranet. I can't recall where I found the handy sed one-liner. You might find something if you search for 'sed one-liner'
Have you ever needed to combine lines of text, but it's too tedious to do it by hand.
For example, imagine that we have a text file with hundreds of lines which look like this:
14/04/2003,10:27:47,0
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.005
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.005
14/04/2003,10:30:51,600
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.005
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.010,0.975,0.005
14/04/2003,10:34:02,600
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.005
IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006
GmMax,0.010,0.975,0.005
Each date (14/04/2003) is the start of a data record, and it continues on the next four lines.
We would like to input this to Excel as a 'comma separated value' file, and see each record in its own row.
In our example, we need to append any line starting with a G or I to the preceding line, and insert a comma, so as to produce the following:
14/04/2003,10:27:47,0,IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006,GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.005,IdVg,3.000,...
14/04/2003,10:30:51,600,IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006,GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.0005,IdVg,3.000,...
14/04/2003,10:34:02,600,IdVg,3.000,-1.000,0.050,0.006,GmMax,0.011,0.975,0.0005,IdVg,3.000,...
This is a classic application of a 'regular expression' and, once again, sed comes to the rescue.
The editing can be done with a single sed command:
sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n\([GI]\)/,\1/;ta' -e 'P;D' filename >newfilename
I didn't say it would be obvious, or easy, did I?
This is the kind of command you write down somewhere for the rare occasions when you need it.
Try a regular expression, such as:
sed '/[0-9]\+,/{N}s/\n//)'
That checks the first line for a number (0-9) and a comma, then replaces the new line with nothing, removing it.
Another awk solution, less cryptic than some other answers:
awk '/^[0-9]/ {n = $0; getline; print n $0; next} 1'
$ awk 'ORS= /^[0-9]+,$/?" ":"\n"' file
1, cake:01351
12, bun:1063
scone:13581
biscuit:1931
14, jelly:1385