I split a large text file into 60 chunks, which are are named xaa, xab, xac,...xcg. I want to rename these files so that they all end with .txt
How can I do this from the linux command line?
Looked in the split command for the ability to customize the filenames. Looked on Stack Overflow for other solutions but the ones I've come across are all too specific to the OP's situation.
Assuming that your shell is the default Bash:
for f in x??; do mv "$f" "$f.txt"; done
If you want to be more specific, you could say x[abc][a-z] instead of x??.
This is good enough for a one-liner. In a script you would want to check that "$f" exists before trying to rename it.
Related
I have read most questions regarding this topic, but can't get an answer to my specific question:
I have a number of files in a directory, and I want to apply a command to each of these files and then create a new file with the outpot for every single file. I can only manage to write it into one file alltogether. As i expect to have ~ 500.000 files, i also would need the script to be as efficient as possible.
for f in *.bed; do sort -k1,1 -k2,2n; done
This command sorts each file accordingly and writes the ouput in the Shell - But i cannot manage to write to file in the for-loop without appending it with ">>" .
I'm thankful for any answer providing an approach or an already answered question on this topic!
You can use script like this:
for f in *.bed
do
sort -k1,1 -k2,2n $f >>new_filename
done
If you want to be sure new_filename is empty before run the loop you can clear the content in file with command (before for loop):
>new_filename
I'm quite new to Linux. I'm using Linux Mint and I've just found a situation where I have a file which exists multiple times inside the tree/folders of a folder. I want to replace all occurrences of this file with a new version of it.
So instead of looking for that file once and again and replacing it with the new one, I wonder if there is any kind of search & replace command for files.
I've already searched for a similar question in stackoverflow, but I was only able to find commands to search & replace TEXT in files, not the file itself.
Can anyone please point me to the right direction?
Thank you.
you can always do it in parts, like:
Get a list of items matching your search.
Replace every match (using mv for example) with your file.
something like:
foreach dir ( `ls | egrep '^(i686\|amd64)\.'` )
mv yourfile $dir
end
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I have files like below. I use crontab every 5 min to check the files to see if the system's added one file, for example like this: AIR_2015xxxxT0yyyyyyyy.cfg. Then I need to use the diff command automatically between the last one and before the last one.
AIR_20151021T163514000.cfg
AIR_20151026T103845000.cfg
AIR_2015xxxxT0yyyyyyyy.cfg
I want to do this in a script like the one below:
#!/bin/bash
/var/opt/fds/
diff AIR_2015xxxxT0yyyyyyyy.cfg AIR_20151026T103845000.cfg > Test.txt
body(){
cat body.txt
}
(echo -e "$(body)") | -a Test.txt mailx -s 'Comparison' user#email.com
Given a list of files in the directory /var/opt/fds with names in the format:
AIR_YYYYmmddTHHMMSSfff.cfg
where the letter Y represents digits for the year, m for month, d for day, H for hour, M for minute, S for second, and f for fraction (milliseconds), then you need to establish the two most recent files in the directory to compare them.
One way to do this is:
cd /var/opt/fds || exit 1
old=
new=
for file in AIR_20[0-9][0-9]????T?????????.cfg
do
old=$new
new=$file
done
if [ -n "$old" ] && [ -n "$new" ]
then
diff "$old" "$new" > test.txt
mailx -a test.txt -s 'Comparison' user#example.com < body.txt
fi
Note that if the new file has a name containing letters x and y as shown in the question and comments, it will be listed after the names containing the time stamp as digits, so it will be picked up as the new file. It also assumes permission to write in the /var/opt/fds directory, and that the mail body file is present in that directory too. Those assumptions can be trivially fixed if necessary. The test.txt file should be deleted after it is sent, too, and you could check that it is non-empty before sending the email (just in case the two most recent files are in fact identical). You could embed a time-stamp in the generated file name containing the diffs instead of using test.txt:
output="diff.$(date +'%Y%m%dT%H%M%S000').txt"
and then use $output in place of test.txt.
The test ensures that there was both an old and a new name. The pattern match is sloppier than it could be, but using [0-9] or an appropriate subrange ([01], [0-3], [0-2], [0-5]) for the question marks makes the pattern unreadably long:
for file in AIR_20[0-9][0-9][01][0-9][0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9].cfg
It also probably provides very little extra in the way of protection. Of course, as shown, it imposes a Y2.1K crisis on the system, not that it is hard to fix that. You could also cut down the range of valid dates by basing it on today's date, but beware of the end of the year, etc. You might decide you only need entries from the last month or so.
Using globbing is generally better than trying to parse ls or find output. In this context, where the file names have a restricted set of characters in the name (no newlines, no blanks or tabs, no quotes, no dollar signs, etc), it is feasible to use either find or ls — but if you have to deal with arbitrary names created by random end users, those tools are not suitable. (The ls command does all sorts of weird stuff with weird names and basically is hard to use reliably in the face of user cussedness. The find command and its -print0 option can be used, especially if you have a sort that recognizes -z to work with null-terminated 'lines' and an xargs that supports -0 to handle such lines too — but you have to very careful.)
Note that this scheme does not keep a record of the last file analyzed (so if no new files appear for an hour, you might send a dozen copies of the same differences), nor does it directly report on the file names (but using diff -u or diff -c would include the file names being diffed in the output). Again, these issues can be worked around if that's appropriate (and it probably is). Keeping the record of which files have been compared is probably the hardest job; even that's not too bad:
echo "$old" "$new" >> reported.diffs
to record what's been processed; then
if grep -q "$old $new" reported.diffs
then : Already processed
else : Process $old and $new
fi
I have a long folder/file structure with bunch of code files in it. some of my files has "x5g6" pattern on their name, on the folder name and also the text inside the files.
e.g
/Mycodes
/pp_x5g6
- vbg_x5g6.cmd
- x5g6_pp
- x5g6_pp.ml
so on so forth
also if you open vbg_x5g6.cmd file you can see there is a code in it and it also has this pattern (e.g function bb_x5g6 = x+ y);
My question is which commands I can use to recursively change x5g6 into x5g7
on folder, file names and also inside the files?
So far I could only found;
find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/x5g6/x5g7/g' {} +
but this only changes whatever inside the files not the folder and file names.
It looks like you have a solution already for editing the file contents.
For the file/directory names, I believe the generally accepted answers are to use either a program called mmv, (which I, myself, prefer), or one called rename
For the record, this question is a duplicate of https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/98070/rename-files-in-directory.
The original there contains an answer also recommending zmv (if you're using zsh instead of bash).
edit: grammar
I have several files named scale1.dat, scale2.dat scale3.dat ... up to scale9.dat.
I want to read these files in do loop one by one and with each file I want to do some manipulation (I want to write the 1st column of each scale*.dat file to scale*.txt).
So my question is, is there a way to read files with similar names. Thanks.
The regular syntax for this is
for file in scale*.dat; do
awk '{print $1}' "$file" >"${file%.dat}.txt"
done
The asterisk * matches any text or no text; if you want to constrain to just single non-zero digits, you could say for file in scale[1-9].dat instead.
In Bash, there is a non-standard additional glob syntax scale{1..9}.dat but this is Bash-only, and so will not work in #!/bin/sh scripts. (Your question has both sh and bash so it's not clear which you require. Your comment that the Bash syntax is not working for you suggests that you may need a POSIX portable solution.) Furthermore, Bash has something called extended globbing, which allows for quite elaborate pattern matching. See also http://mywiki.wooledge.org/glob
For a simple task like this, you don't really need the shell at all, though.
awk 'FNR==1 { if (f) close (f); f=FILENAME; sub(/\.dat/, ".txt", f); }
{ print $1 >f }' scale[1-9]*.dat
(Okay, maybe that's slightly intimidating for a first-timer. But the basic point is that you will often find that the commands you want to use will happily work on multiple files, and so you don't need shell loops at all in those cases.)
I don't think so. Similar names or not, you will have to iterate through all your files (perhaps with a for loop) and use a nested loop to iterate through lines or words or whatever you plan to read from those files.
Alternatively, you can copy your files into one (say, scale-all.dat) and read that single file.