Prevent DDOS on websocket server nodejs - node.js

I have a app which lets yoy keep your notes at a single place its realtime bw all the devices you are logged in I am using a nodejs wesocket it was working fine but a recently i found out someone was sending a huge amount of requests to my websocket server. He sent a large amount of data through websockets to my mongodb and the data was sent just for the purpose of taking the app down (useless crap data just had 'aaaaa')
What i want is prevent those clients from using the websockets who are making more than 10requests per minute.

As mentioned in the comments its better to go with services like CloudFlare, but for your specific use case (to implement directly on server) you should look at ways to rate limit the requests.
Here is an example of an library to rate limit web-sockets in node
https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws-rate-limit

Related

How to use socket.io properly with express app

I wonder how do I use socket.io properly with my express app.
I have a REST API written in express/node.js and I want to use socket.io to add real-time feature for my app. Consider that I want to do something I can do just by sending a request to my REST API. What should I do with socket.io? Should I send request to the REST API and send socket.io client the result of the process or handle the whole process within socket.io emitter and then send the result to socket.io client?
Thanks in advance.
Question is not that clear but from what I'm getting from it, is that you want to know what you would use it for that you cant already do with your current API?
The short answer is, well nothing really.. Websockets are just the natural progression of API's and the need for a more 'real-time' interface between systems.
Old methods (and still used and relevant for the right use case) is long polling where you keep checking back to the server for updated items and if so grab them.. This works but it can be expensive in terms of establishing a connection, performing a lookup, then closing a connection.
websockets keep that connection open, allowing both the client and server to communicate real time. So for example, lets say you make an update to your backend data and want users to get that update, using long polling you would rely on each client to ping back to the server, check if there is an update and if so grab it. This can cause lags between updates, some users have updated data while other do not etc.
Now, take the same scenario with websockets, you make an update to the backend data, hit submit, this then emits to your socket server. Socket server takes the call, performs the task ( grabs updated data ) and emits it to the users, each connected user instantly gets that update.
Socket servers are typically used for things like real time chats or polling where packets are smaller but they are also used for web games etc. Depending on the size of your payloads will determine how best to send data back and forth because the larger the payload the more resources / bandwidth it will take on the socket server so its something to consider.

Node.js design approach. Server polling periodically from clients

I'm trying to learn Node.js and adequate design approaches.
I've implemented a little API server (using express) that fetches a set of data from several remote sites, according to client requests that use the API.
This process can take some time (several fecth / await), so I want the user to know how is his request doing. I've read about socket.io / websockets but maybe that's somewhat an overkill solution for this case.
So what I did is:
For each client request, a requestID is generated and returned to the client.
With that ID, the client can query the API (via another endpoint) to know his request status at any time.
Using setTimeout() on the client page and some DOM manipulation, I can update and display the current request status every X, like a polling approach.
Although the solution works fine, even with several clients connecting concurrently, maybe there's a better solution?. Are there any caveats I'm not considering?
TL;DR The approach you're using is just fine, although it may not scale very well. Websockets are a different approach to solve the same problem, but again, may not scale very well.
You've identified what are basically the only two options for real-time (or close to it) updates on a web site:
polling the server - the client requests information periodically
using Websockets - the server can push updates to the client when something happens
There are a couple of things to consider.
How important are "real time" updates? If the user can wait several seconds (or longer), then go with polling.
What sort of load can the server handle? If load is a concern, then Websockets might be the way to go.
That last question is really the crux of the issue. If you're expecting a few or a few dozen clients to use this functionality, then either solution will work just fine.
If you're expecting thousands or more to be connecting, then polling starts to become a concern, because now we're talking about many repeated requests to the server. Of course, if the interval is longer, the load will be lower.
It is my understanding that the overhead for Websockets is lower, but still can be a concern when you're talking about large numbers of clients. Again, a lot of clients means the server is managing a lot of open connections.
The way large services handle this is to design their applications in such a way that they can be distributed over many identical servers and which server you connect to is managed by a load balancer. This is true for either polling or Websockets.

How much data I can send by Node.JS server per second?

I have tick based server and client in Unity3D. Server sending data to clients. Middleware is NodeJS server.
My question is how much data I can transfer every tick (I have 25 Ticks per second now) before server start unsync itself and clients starts to getting data late? I am sending just JSON strings.
Now I am sending about 1kB of data every tick. Its too much or its ok for NodeJs to server this to clients every tick?
I am counting that when I have 100 clients connected and 1kB/tick, I need fom NodeJs server to serve 2,44MB/s. I mean, internet connection is not problem, but is this possible?
This will likely be most dependent on the hardware you end up running the server on, if you can distribute the task among multiple processes/servers, and what protocol you're using to send the data.
The easiest way to test the hardware that you currently have would be running a simple benchmark.
I put together a quick project to do some benchmarking with Socket.io
https://github.com/briancw/socket-io-stress-test
You'll need a way to simulate connected clients. I have previously created a stress testing tool that may be useful for this: https://www.npmjs.com/package/m65
It uses headless browsers, so it should be able to make actual websocket connections so you can simulate very realistically.

Socket.io as a load balancer

I am developing a Twitter app that (on the backend) consumes Tweets does some fairly intense processing and then stores the data in a database for use later by the client. All of my servers are running node.js.
I am going to have a server connected to the Twitter Streaming API using nTwitter for node.js. I want to then have this server pass the Tweets along to worker servers and distribute the load based on the Tweet ID (the last digit in the ID would be used).
Right now, I am using Socket.io (and Socket.io-client) which seems to run pretty well. It seems like the Websocket protocol is ideal for this. I am wondering if there are there any reasons not to use Socket.io in this manner?

RESTful backend and socket.io to sync

Today, i had the idea of the following setup. Create a nodejs server along with express and socket.io. With express, i would create a RESTful API, which is connected to a mongo. BackboneJS or similar would connect the client to that REST API.
Now every time the mongodb(ie the data in it iam interested in) changes, socket.io would fire an event to the client, which would carry a courser to the data which has changed. The client then would trigger the appropriate AJAX requests to the REST to get the new data, where it needs it.
So, the socket.io connection would behave like a synchronize trigger. It would be there for the entire visit and could also manage sessions that way. All the payload would be send over http.
Pros:
REST API for use with other clients than web
Auth could be done entirely over socket.io. Only sending token along with REST requests.
Use the benefits of REST.
Would also play nicely with pub/sub service like Redis'
Cons:
Greater overhead, than using pure socket.io.
What do you think, are there any great disadvantages i did not think of?
I agree with #CharlieKey, you should send the updated data rather than re-requesting.
This is exactly what Tower is doing:
save some data: https://github.com/viatropos/tower/blob/development/src/tower/model/persistence.coffee#L77
insert into mongodb (cursor is a query/persistence abstraction): https://github.com/viatropos/tower/blob/development/src/tower/model/cursor/persistence.coffee#L29
notify sockets: https://github.com/viatropos/tower/blob/development/src/tower/model/cursor/persistence.coffee#L68
emit updated records to client: https://github.com/viatropos/tower/blob/development/src/tower/server/net/connection.coffee#L62
The disadvantage of using sockets as a trigger to re-request with Ajax is that every connected client will have to fetch the data, so if 100 people are on your site there's going to be 100 HTTP requests every time data changes - where you could just reuse the socket connections.
I think that pushing the updated data with the socket.io event would be better than re-requesting the lastest. Even better you could only push the modified pieces of data decreasing the amount of data sent over the line. Overall though a interesting idea.
I'd look into Now.js since it does pretty much exactly what you need.
It creates a namespace which is shared among the client and server. The server can call functions on the client directly and vice versa.
That is if you insist on your current infrastructure decision to use MongoDB and Node.js, otherwise there would be CouchDB which is a full web server and document database with sophisticated replication mechanisms built-in.

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