this question is pretty fundamental but i didn't find the right words to google to find an answer
i want to start a presentation on a raspberry pi straight when it boots
So i tested the command to get it to open my presentation, i just used this command:
sudo libreoffice --impress --nolockcheck --nologo --norestore --show /home/pi/Desktop/Praesentation/1.pptx
that worked so i put that line into the autostart file at this path:
/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE-pi/autostart
That works fine but i found out that you should or can also use this command in the file:
#libreoffice --impress --nolockcheck --nologo --norestore --show /home/pi/Desktop/Praesentation/1.pptx
but running the command in the commandline with bash #libreoffice... does not work
What does the # mean?
I'm pretty sure you shouldn't be running LibreOffice as root (sudo). This will give it full rights to do anything on the system, which is not needed for an office application, and it might cause all sorts of trouble if it writes files owned by the wrong user.
The LXSession wiki explains what the # means:
autostart configuration file
This file stores the commands that will be executed at the beginning of the session. It is not a shell script, but each line represents a different command to be executed. If a line begins with #, the command following the # will be automatically re-executed if it crashes.
I have seen many ways to launch a script like putting it in profile.D, rc.local, or creating a auto start file but none of those launch the file in a visible window if at all. I need it to be in a visible window in Ubuntu. I need to do this because I am using several emulators to stream to different services, and I don't want to have to start the script on each manually.
I am using visual box for the emulator. The sh file is on a removable drive because it is an external file. I also need it to run as sudo.
Edit: I don't actually need it to run at startup. I just need to have the script run. I can probably just sleep really long for graphic to load.
Edit 2: So I created a service that launched a sh file in /usr/bin/ which was supposed to create a gnome-terminal window that ran my script. It ran, however It didn't create a visible window for some reason. I then tried to specify a display which caused gnome to freak out. Dbus was not launching correctly. another question stated that gnome would not work because of how it was designed and stated to use konsole instead. Konsole also stated that it could not connect to a display, giving a QXcbConnection error. Konsole does not have an option to specify display. I don't know what else to try
Edit 3: So I did the thing in the comment. And the service works. However it only works after I run the file that the service runs in usr/bin manually after every restart. The important parts of the file:
#!/bin/bash
sleep 60
ufw disable
ssh nateguana#$(hostname) -X
xhost +
*launch Gnome**only works after file ran manually*
I have also tried exporting DISPLAY, and changing users with su. I have not tried importing SSHD, as another question said to do, as I think that is only for non local connections. I have also tried every single arrangement of commands possible. Xhost errors stating that it is unable to open display "".
You can use gnome-terminal -e <command> to spawn a new bash terminal which runs the command.
You could use something like
gnome-terminal -e /path/to/bashfile
Bear in mind, this will end the terminal after the bash scipt is done executing.
To avoid this,in a newline add $SHELL to the end of your bash script.
PS: the -e argument is deprecated and might be removed in later versions
I have written a simple Shell script named decBright.sh that decreases my screen brightness by a bit every time I run it. However, I do not want to open the terminal and execute bash decBright.sh every single time.
Instead, I want to create some kind of executable file that I can place on my Desktop, which will run my script when it is double-clicked. One answer I found here on the askUbuntu forums did not work for me.
Is there some other way to do it?
I am using Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr)
An executable in linux is a file with the executable bit on. Thus you simply modify it with chmod:
chmod +x decBright.sh
Then you can run it with:
./decbright.sh
You can also run it by double-clicking in many graphical linux distributions.
You also better provide a "Shebang": the first line of your script should specify the "interpreter":
#!/bin/bash
Or any other interpreter (at the first line of your file).
So I am not experienced in dealing with a plethora of file types, and I haven't been able to find much info on exactly what .sh files are. Here's what I'm trying to do:
I'm trying to download map data sets which are arranged in tiles that can be downloaded individually: http://daymet.ornl.gov/gridded
In order to download a range of tiles at once, they say to download their script, which eventually leads to daymet-nc-retrieval.sh: https://github.com/daymet/scripts/blob/master/Bash/daymet-nc-retrieval.sh
So, what exactly am I supposed to do with this code? The website doesn't provide further instructions, assuming users know what to do with it. I'm guessing you're supposed to paste the code in to some other unmentioned application for a browser (using Chrome or Firefox in this case)? It almost looks like something that could be pasted in to Firefox/Greasemonkey, but not quite. Just by a quick Google on the file type I haven't been able to get heads or tails on it.
I'm sure there's a simple explanation on what to do with these files out there, but it seems to be buried in plenty of posts where people are already assuming you know what to do with these files. Anyone willing to just simply say what needs to be done from square one after getting to the page with the code to actually implementing it? Thanks.
What is a file with extension .sh?
It is a Bourne shell script. They are used in many variations of UNIX-like operating systems. They have no "language" and are interpreted by your shell (interpreter of terminal commands) or if the first line is in the form
#!/path/to/interpreter
they will use that particular interpreter. Your file has the first line:
#!/bin/bash
and that means that it uses Bourne Again Shell, so called bash. It is for all practical purposes a replacement for good old sh.
Depending upon the interpreter you will have different languages in which the file is written.
Keep in mind, that in UNIX world, it is not the extension of the file that determines what the file is (see "How to execute a shell script" below).
If you come from the world of DOS/Windows, you will be familiar with files that have .bat or .cmd extensions (batch files). They are not similar in content, but are akin in design.
How to execute a shell script
Unlike some unsafe operating systems, *nix does not rely exclusively on extensions to determine what to do with a file. Permissions are also used. This means that if you attempt to run the shell script after downloading it, it will be the same as trying to "run" any text file. The ".sh" extension is there only for your convenience to recognize that file.
You will need to make the file executable. Let's assume that you have downloaded your file as file.sh, you can then run in your terminal:
chmod +x file.sh
chmod is a command for changing file's permissions, +x sets execute permissions (in this case for everybody) and finally you have your file name.
You can also do it in your GUI. Most of the time you can right click on the file and select properties; in XUbuntu the permissions options look like this:
If you do not wish to change the permissions, you can also force the shell to run the command. In the terminal you can run:
bash file.sh
The shell should be the same as in the first line of your script.
How safe is it?
You may find it weird that you must perform another task manually in order to execute a file. But this is partially because of a strong need for security.
Basically when you download and run a bash script, it is the same thing as somebody telling you "run all these commands in sequence on your computer, I promise that the results will be good and safe". Ask yourself if you trust the party that has supplied this file, ask yourself if you are sure that you have downloaded the file from the same place as you thought, maybe even have a glance inside to see if something looks out of place (although that requires that you know something about *nix commands and bash programming).
Unfortunately apart from the warning above I cannot give a step-by-step description of what you should do to prevent evil things from happening with your computer; so just keep in mind that any time you get and run an executable file from someone you're actually saying, "Sure, you can use my computer to do something".
If you open your second link in a browser you'll see the source code:
#!/bin/bash
# Script to download individual .nc files from the ORNL
# Daymet server at: http://daymet.ornl.gov
[...]
# For ranges use {start..end}
# for individul vaules, use: 1 2 3 4
for year in {2002..2003}
do
for tile in {1159..1160}
do wget --limit-rate=3m http://daymet.ornl.gov/thredds/fileServer/allcf/${year}/${tile}_${year}/vp.nc -O ${tile}_${year}_vp.nc
# An example using curl instead of wget
#do curl --limit-rate 3M -o ${tile}_${year}_vp.nc http://daymet.ornl.gov/thredds/fileServer/allcf/${year}/${tile}_${year}/vp.nc
done
done
So it's a bash script. Got Linux?
In any case, the script is nothing but a series of HTTP retrievals. Both wget and curl are available for most operating systems and almost all language have HTTP libraries so it's fairly trivial to rewrite in any other technology. There're also some Windows ports of bash itself (git includes one). Last but not least, Windows 10 now has native support for Linux binaries.
sh files are unix (linux) shell executables files, they are the equivalent (but much more powerful) of bat files on windows.
So you need to run it from a linux console, just typing its name the same you do with bat files on windows.
Typically a .sh file is a shell script which you can execute in a terminal. Specifically, the script you mentioned is a bash script, which you can see if you open the file and look in the first line of the file, which is called the shebang or magic line.
I know this is an old question and I probably won't help, but many Linux distributions(e.g., ubuntu) have a "Live cd/usb" function, so if you really need to run this script, you could try booting your computer into Linux. Just burn a .iso to a flash drive (here's how http://goo.gl/U1wLYA), start your computer with the drive plugged in, and press the F key for boot menu. If you choose "...USB...", you will boot into the OS you just put on the drive.
How do I run .sh scripts?
Give execute permission to your script:
chmod +x /path/to/yourscript.sh
And to run your script:
/path/to/yourscript.sh
Since . refers to the current directory: if yourscript.sh is in the current directory, you can simplify this to:
./yourscript.sh
or with GUI
https://askubuntu.com/questions/38661/how-do-i-run-sh-scripts/38666#38666
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/run-execute-sh-shell-script/
open the location in terminal then type these commands
1. chmod +x filename.sh
2. ./filename.sh
that's it
I want to write a script for linux, that will first copy a movie/series file to cache with something like:
cat /filepath/filename > /dev/null
and than open the same file in vlc.
The problem is getting the file name and path in to the script. I would like to simply double click a file, or somehow make this a faster process than typing this manually (especially because the file names of some series are just inconsistent and hard to type, even with auto-complete).
This is useful for watching movies or series on a laptop/netbook, since it allows the disk to spin down.
You should be able to create your own 'program' in a bash script which takes its first argument to be the filename using the convention "$1".
The bash script should look something like the below. I tested it, storing the script in the file cachedvlc.sh. The inverted commas helping to handle whitespace and weird characters...
#!/bin/bash
cat "$1" > /dev/null
vlc "$1"
...and will need to be made executable by changing its permissions through the file manager or running this in the terminal...
chmod u+x cachedvlc.sh
Then within your operating system, associate your bash script with the type of file you want to launch. For example on Ubuntu, you could add your script and call it 'Cached VLC' to the Menu using the 'Main Menu' application, then right-click on the file in Nautilus and choose 'Open with' to select your bash script.
After this, double-clicking or right-clicking on a file within your filemanager should be good enough to launch a cached view. This assumes what you say about caching is in fact correct, which I can't easily check.