I am new to Linux (new as in installed it yesterday), I need it for my programming course in the university and I've been told to install specific versions of specific programs, but though I've used apt-get install to install them (having previously done apt-get update) they aren't in the correct version.
The programs that I need are make 4.0 and valgrind 3.10.1.
apt-get installs make 3.81 and valgrind 3.10.0.SVN.
I have tried typing "apt-get install make4.0" and "apt-get install valgrind10.3.1" to no avail. I have downloaded them from the internet and followed what instructions I could understand to install the newer versions but it keeps saying that I have the older ones. (I'm not sure if I can post direct links here, if I can let me know and I'll post where I got them from).
What have I been doing wrong? How can I fix this?
I am currently running Linux Mint.
Thanks for any answer in advance.
Due to a long-standing unresolved Debian bug report, GNU Make remained the age-old 3.81 in Debian for a very long time, and as a consequence, in Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu and Mint.
The latest Debian release, Jessie, has upgraded to 4.0, so Debian-based distributions will have that upgrade. However, it is better to use 4.1.
This has been discussed many times on the GNU Make mailing list and elsewhere.
So to get a newer version, you must compile it from scratch.
This is easy:
Install the required packages (gcc, make and such).
Open up a shell (if you're using the GUI, a terminal window).
Type the following commands (or something equivalent, e.g. you can use curl instead of wget):
cd /tmp
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.1.tar.gz
tar xvf make-4.1.tar.gz
cd make-4.1/
./configure
make
sudo make install
cd ..
rm -rf make-4.1.tar.gz make-4.1
Now, make 4.1 is in /usr/local/bin/make.
You can verify it is there with whereis make.
You can make it your default make by prefixing /usr/local/bin to your $PATH variable in your shell startup file; for instance, in .profile or .bashrc if you use the bash shell.
Don't try to install a self-compiled make (or anything else that doesn't come from the distribution's package manager) into /bin or /usr/bin; doing that will confuse your package manager.
Related
Is it possible to use RPM or YUM or any other package manager in Linux, specifically CentOS, to install a package either already downloaded or from repo to a custom location without admin/root access?
I tried building from sources, using cmake, configure, make, make install etc, but, it ended up having so many dependencies one after other.
Or are there any better alternatives?
It is possible to use yum and rpm to install any package in the repository of the distribution. Here is the recipe:
Find the package name
Use yum search.
Download
Download the package and all of its dependencies using yumdownloader (which is available on CentOS by default). You'll need to pass it --resolve to get dependency resolution. yumdownloader downloads to the current directory unless you specify a --destdir.
mkdir -p ~/rpm
yumdownloader --destdir ~/rpm --resolve vim-common
Choose a prefix location
It might be ~, ~/centos, or ~/y. If your home is slow because it is on a network file system, you can put it in /var/tmp/....
mkdir ~/centos
Extract all .rpm packages
Extract all .rpm packages to your chosen prefix location.
cd ~/centos && rpm2cpio ~/rpm/x.rpm | cpio -id
rpm2cpio outputs the .rpm file as a .cpio archive on stdout.
cpio reads it from from stdin
-i means extract (to the current directory)
-d means create missing directory
You can optionally use -v: verbose
Configure the environment
You will need to configure the environment variable PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH for the installed packages to work correctly. Here is the corresponding sample from my ~/.bashrc:
export PATH="$HOME/centos/usr/sbin:$HOME/centos/usr/bin:$HOME/centos/bin:$PATH"
export MANPATH="$HOME/centos/usr/share/man:$MANPATH"
L='/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64'
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/centos/usr/lib:$HOME/centos/usr/lib64:$L"
Edited note (thanks to #AmitNaidu for pointing out my mistake):
According to bash documentation about startup files, when connecting to a server via ssh, only .bashrc is sourced:
Invoked by remote shell daemon
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd. If Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists and is readable.
Now if you want to install a lot of packages that way, you might want to automate the process. If so, have a look at this repository.
Extra note: if you are trying to install any of gcc, zlib, make, cmake, git, fish, zsh or tmux , you should really consider using conda, see my other answer.
TL;DR Use Miniconda, conda-forge is amazing.
curl "https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh" | sh
Or, alternatively:
curl https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh > Miniconda.sh
bash Miniconda.sh -b -p ~/conda
# -b is used to specify that this is done "in batch", so skip the EULA prompt
# -p lets you specify where you want conda installed
Commonly wanted packages:
gcc conda install gcc
zlib conda install zlib
make conda install make
cmake conda install cmake
git conda install git
fish conda install -c conda-forge fish
zsh conda install -c ActivisionGameScience zsh
tmux conda install -c conda-forge tmux
This tmux has a bug with the name of the ncurse library it uses. You can work around it by going to your da/lib folder and symlinking ln -sT libtinfow.so.6.1 libtinfo.so.6
For the rest, you can try https://anaconda.org/search?q=.
I've tried for a long time to get a package manager to work well on CentOS/RedHat but without success. The best I could do was to install a Gentoo Prefix at the correct location on another CentOS with root access, then scp a .tar.xz of the whole installation to the target server (only way to get a proper gcc for Gentoo Prefix). I could emerge (build & install) packages on the target server but kept hitting problems with locals and permissions.
I recently achieved a user installation of some interesting packages using conda. Here is how to install it from the command line:
curl "https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh" | sh
If like me, your home folder is hosted on a remote drive (a network file system), you might not want to install it in your home folder, so you might want to use something like mkdir /var/tmp/lo then specify an installation folder like /var/tmp/lo/da during the installation.
You'll then be able to install quite a lot of packages, though maybe not all those you wanted. Most of the time, if it is not in the default channel, it will be in conda-forge. You can check for existing packages at https://anaconda.org/search?q=
Other package managers I've tried to use after conda:
Linuxbrew
I thought that with that it would be easy to install homebrew (linuxbrew) but their sources are messy and use hard-coded absolute path to ruby interpreter, which fails because it isn't the last version and so on and so on and I gave up.
Nix
Nix still requires you to use the /nix folder. They hard-coded it too and it's hard to sed it correctly from every download it has to do during the installation (let alone updates).
Gentoo Prefix
I expect Gentoo Prefix to be easier to install directly now that we gcc can be used on the target server. -- Ok, I tried but met permissions bugs during installation (2018-09-28):
portage.exception.OperationNotPermitted: chown(b'~/gentoo/tmp/var/tmp/portage/sys-apps/gentoo-functions-0.12/image/var', 2000, 2000)
PkgSrc
I'm going to try pkgsrc now. -- Use (older) version 64-bit EL 6.x if on CentOS 6 or if encountering (G)LibC version issues with the 7.x one. -- No luck, pkgsrc hard codes /usr/pkg/sbin and /usr/pkg/bin. So it can't be used as user, unless maybe setting up a fakechroot environment. But I've never done that and I expect usability issues.
Please comment/answer if you succeed in installing any other package manager.
Download the packages, and indicate to include dependencies with the --resolve flag.
yumdownloader --resolve openslide-tools
Iterate over all downloaded rpm files.
for i in *.rpm; do rpm2cpio $i | cpio -idv; done
the output will be stored in your present working directory $PWD/usr/*
This answer by goldilocks sounds like what you are looking for.
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/61295
It's still not a pretty process, but seems easier than building from source.
Otherwise you might want to look into non-root package managers as an alternative to yum.
Yes it is. If the software is packaged in repos. And admin installed
PackageKit-command-not-found package.
See:
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/PackageKitCommandNotFound
I am trying to build some open source library. I need a package management system to easily download the dependencies. At first I am using MinGW and MSYS. But the included packages are limited. Someone told me to use Mingw-w64 and MSYS2.
I downloaded the mingw-w64-install from here. When running, it reports the following error. How can I fix it?
And by the way, from the Mingw-w64 download page, I see a lot of download links. Even Cygwin is listed. How are Cygwin and Mingw-w64 related?
My current understanding is, in the time of MinGW and MSYS, MSYS is just a nice addon to MinGW, while in Mingw-w64 + MSYS2, MSYS2 is stand-alone and Mingw-w64 is just a set of libraries it can work with. Just like Cygwin can download many different packages.
Unfortunately, the MinGW-w64 installer you used sometimes has this issue. I myself am not sure about why this happens (I think it has something to do with Sourceforge URL redirection or whatever that the installer currently can't handle properly enough).
Anyways, if you're already planning on using MSYS2, there's no need for that installer.
Download MSYS2 from this page.
After the install completes, click on the MSYS2 UCRT64 in the Start menu (or C:\msys64\ucrt64.exe).
If done correctly, the terminal prompt will say UCRT64 in magenta letters, not MSYS.
Update MSYS2 using pacman -Syuu. If it closes itself during the update, restart it and repeat the same command to finish the update.
You should routinely update your installation.
Install the toolchain: (i.e. the compiler and some extra tools)
pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain
Install any libraries/tools you may need. You can search the repositories by doing
pacman -Ss name_of_something_i_want_to_install
e.g.
pacman -Ss gsl
and install using
pacman -S package_name_of_something_i_want_to_install
e.g.
pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-gsl
and from then on the GSL library will be automatically found by your compiler!
Make sure any compilers and libraries you install have this package prefix: mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-. Only use unprefixed packages for misc command-line utilities (such as grep, sed, make, etc), unless you know what you're doing.
Verify that the compiler is working by doing
gcc --version
If you want to use the toolchains (with installed libraries) outside of the MSYS2 environment, all you need to do is add C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin to your PATH.
MSYS2 provides several compiler flavors, UCRT64 being one of them. It should be a reasonable default.
MSYS has not been updated a long time. MSYS2 is more active, and you can download it from MSYS2. It has both the mingw and cygwin fork package.
To install the MinGW-w64 toolchain (reference):
Open the MSYS2 shell from the start menu
Run pacman -Sy pacman to update the package database
Reopen the shell, and run pacman -Syu to update the package database and core system packages
Reopen the shell, and run pacman -Su to update the rest
Install the compiler:
For a 32-bit target, run pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-toolchain
For a 64-bit target, run pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
Select which package to install; the default is all
You may also need make. Run pacman -S make
You can now also get the stand-alone personal build of MinGW-w64 from https://winlibs.com/ which doesn't require any installation; just extract and its ready to use. This allow having multiple toolchains on the same system (e.g., one for Windows 32-bit and another for Windows 64-bit).
The most straightforward way, as far as I know, is to use Chocolatey to install MinGW:
choco install mingw
Then check with the command whereis gcc. It is going to be installed in C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin.
one more thing, to get make working, just copie (or rename if you wish)
with copy mingw32-make.exe make.exe in C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin.
From the vim site:
sudo apt-get install mercurial libssl-dev
sudo apt-get build-dep vim
hg clone http://hg.debian.org/hg/pkg-vim/vim
cd vim
hg checkout unstable
debian/rules update-orig
dpkg-buildpackage -i -I
cd ..
It looks like there are no commands called debian/rules on my system.
The wikia vim tips site is not complete and ignores all the hard work of packagers of vim. The standard way to build a Debian or Ubuntu binary package is from a source package. Using source packages are by far a better solution for most people.
pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild
The upstream site https://code.google.com/p/vim/ is indeed hosted with mercurial and there is a github clone https://github.com/b4winckler/vim however very few people really need the most bleeding edge sources. The build-deps are pretty significant.
The Debian vim maintainers also use mercurial to maintain their packaging per debian/README.source at http://hg.debian.org/hg/pkg-vim/vim and Debian developers with commit access can help with the packaging that uses quilt to maintain patches at the URL ssh://hg.debian.org/hg/pkg-vim/vim Information about the Debian binary packages created from hg.debian.org (also used as a base for Ubuntu) can be found: http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=vim
For Ubuntu a much better way is using a PPA (personal package archive) of someone that is familiar with the 7.4 sources, how packaging works, the latest patches and the latest dependencies. Very recently (Aug 2013) vim 7.4 landed in the future Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy archive available for everyone to install using standard methods so no effort is needed at all. https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/vim Quite a few PPAs contain vim builds already. https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas?name_filter=vim but there are not many current 7.4 builds backported all the way to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise yet as described https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates. As described in the following bug I tried to build it for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS precise since that is what I use on my main machine. With a three line patch I got it working. I haven't put it up in a PPA yet. The bug formally requests the backport so if you care about this please vote it up and/or comment on it so the bug will get more attention. https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1211971
If you find a PPA you like, for example like this one https://launchpad.net/~cjohnston/+ppa-packages you can add it by typing "sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cjohnston/ppa; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade".
Is there any apt-get-like program for use with Cygwin?
I already tried cyg-apt but when I try I get this error:
cyg-apt: downloading: http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.bz2
cyg-apt: downloading: http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.ini
cyg-apt: bad URL http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.ini, exiting.
Best I have ever used:
apt-cyg package manager
You can do this using Cygwin’s setup.exe from Windows command line. Example:
cd C:\cygwin64
setup-x86_64 -q -P wget,tar,gawk,bzip2,subversion,vim
For a more convenient installer, you may want to use the
apt-cyg package manager. Its syntax is
similar to apt-get, which is a plus. For this, follow the above steps and then
use Cygwin Bash for the following steps:
wget rawgit.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg
install apt-cyg /bin
Now that apt-cyg is installed. Here are a few examples of installing some
packages:
apt-cyg install nano
apt-cyg install git
apt-cyg install ca-certificates
Update: you can read the more complex answer, which contains more methods and information.
There exists a couple of scripts, which can be used as simple package managers. But as far as I know, none of them allows you to upgrade packages, because it’s not an easy task on Windows since there is not possible to overwrite files in use. So you have to close all Cygwin instances first and then you can use Cygwin’s native setup.exe (which itself does the upgrade via “replace after reboot” method, when files are in use).
apt-cyg
The best one for me. Simply because it’s one of the most recent. It works correctly for both platforms - x86 and x86_64. There exists a lot of forks with some additional features. For example the kou1okada fork is one of improved versions.
Cygwin’s setup.exe
It has also command line mode. Moreover it allows you to upgrade all installed packages at once.
setup.exe-x86_64.exe -q --packages=bash,vim
Example use:
setup.exe-x86_64.exe -q --packages="bash,vim"
You can create an alias for easier use, for example:
alias cyg-get="/cygdrive/d/path/to/cygwin/setup-x86_64.exe -q -P"
Then you can for example install the Vim package with:
cyg-get vim
you can always make a bash alias to setup*.exe files in $home/.bashrc
cygwin 32bit
alias cyg-get="/cygdrive/c/cygwin/setup-x86.exe -q -P"
cygwin 64bit
alias cyg-get="/cygdrive/c/cygwin64/setup-x86_64.exe -q -P"
now you can install packages with
cyg-get <package>
This got it working for me:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg > \
apt-cyg && install apt-cyg /bin
No. The only officially supported tool for downloading and updating Cygwin packages is the setup.exe file you used for the initial install, although that can be invoked with command line arguments to help the process.
From that same page:
The basic reason for not having a more full-featured package manager is that such a program would need full access to all of Cygwin's POSIX functionality. That is, however, difficult to provide in a Cygwin-free environment, such as exists on first installation. Additionally, Windows does not easily allow overwriting of in-use executables so installing a new version of the Cygwin DLL while a package manager is using the DLL is problematic.
You can use Chocolatey to install cyg-get and then install your packages with it.
For example:
choco install cyg-get
Then:
cyg-get install my-package
I am trying to install emacs in offline computer.
but every time I try to build from the source and install it, it doesn't make it.
too complicated.
(terminal ./configure => error try with --without-makeinfo,
after a while, error try with --without-x,
after a while, error can't find emacs version...(and I also want to use X version))
so I want to download emacs binary file but I can't find for linux one.
where can I download pre-build binary emacs 23.3(lastest) for ubuntu?
I can download emacs 23.3 binary file for windows but not for ubuntu.
You could get the deb file directly from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/e/emacs-snapshot/emacs-snapshot_20090909-1_amd64.deb and then try to install it using dpkg -i but there will probably be dependencies which you might miss. I'd suggest you try an apt-get install emacs-snapshot on your target machine. It will tell you all the packages it needs to fetch (along with URLs). Fetch all of them from a machine connected to the net and then dpkg -i those packages.
You can try the Ubuntu Emacs PPA here.
type in terminal
apt-get update
apt-get install emacs
for compile, are you download last version ? http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/
you can download deb file here
http://ir.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/e/emacs23/