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I'm wondering is there is a compiled knowledge base of similar functions or functionalities between several programming languages. The reason I'm asking this question is due to the fact that one is learning a new programming language and has extensive knowledge of another, it's often difficult to know or imagine the correlation of functions between those two languages.
Obviously, if such reference exists, it would make learning a new language much easier since one only had to lookup the similar function and eventually memorize it.
Rosetta Code - user-edited wiki focused on implementing tasks in different languages
Syntax across languages - more focused on syntax
Wikipedia: Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)
Syntax across languages is the best one. It catalogs control structures, data types, libraries, comments, and much more. Includes information about Delphi, SML, OCaml, Java, Smalltalk, C++, Ruby, Perl, Python, Lisp, PL/I, PHP, EmacsLisp, and VisualBasic.
The original wiki is quite good because its a free flowing discussion(It's not meant to be a rule based encyclopedia like wikipedia) of programming, which with its focus on history, meandering ways, flame wars, and language fanboyism (all in good fun) tells a lot about how features x in language A is basically/better/sort of equivalent to feature y in language B.
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I am new to programming and I try to research as much as possible in this field. And once I came across to this expression: "Extreme and pair programming". Pair programming is an easy term, and I found quite clear documentation about this. But extreme programming... I found some articles about it, but explanation wasn't so well. All I understood that extreme programming is an Agile development framework. But why I must use that, what is difference between this and another types of programming styles?
Can anyone explain me what is extreme programming language very clearly?
Extreme programming (often called XP) is an agile framework that was developed by Kent Beck in the 1990's.
There aren't too many people that use the whole XP framework these days, but a lot of the engineering practices it popularised are very common.
Examples include:
Pair programming
Test driven development
Continuous integration
Frequent releases
Constant refactoring
XP favours an approach of writing the minimum amount of code to solve the problem at hand. Things like optimisation and forward planning are generally a low priority. This is the 'extreme' part of extreme programming.
The idea is that you write code to solve the current requirement. If you then find you need the code to be faster, or scaleable, etc. then you refactor it.
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I have taught myself C, Python, Java and a few other procedural or object oriented languages to an intermediate degree from resouces on the internet (thanks SO :D) and in books. When I tried to learn Haskell, I couldn't wrap my head around what the code actually did.
Is there a better functional language for someone coming from a background in procedural or object oriented programming to learn? Are there any resources meant for people in my situation?
Thanks!
It's probably varies with people (and this question is bound to get closed over that), but the way I see it: there isn't a stair you need to step on before you can be within reach to Haskell.
So I'd say you're not driven temporarily off necessarily by the language, but by your sources of learning. For the only truly gentle introduction, I recommend LYAH. It keeps things within reasonable difficulty and it has some really entertaining points every now and then.
However, if you still want to almost-soften your transition, you can check out F# which isn't a functional language but it will give you a good taste of FP, and it will be very familiar to you because you still live in an OO world.
You can also check out basically any other functional language and it will give you some of the mindset (Scala, ML, etc.).
Keep in mind that I say "almost-soften", because Haskell is very different (especially because of purity), and that gives you a very logical and mathematical mindset to things and that has been very different for me than any other language I learned. It's incredible. It was much beyond learning different syntax, it's a way to think about things and I can always find myself learning more and a truly amazing part of it is that (since it's so logical, mathematical, reasonable, etc.) the new ways of thinking I acquire with Haskell don't leave me both when I use other languages and even in my personal daily life.
That being said, the only thing truly horrible with Haskell is that it ruined me for other languages. I used to like C#... :(
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What are some new and exciting programming languages? I have already looked at ruby and python. Are there any other languages out there
atomo - Erlang-style message passing on Haskell's runtime
ANI - dataflow programming
CoffeeScript - a "little language" that compiles to JavaScript
Go - Google's systems language
Clojure - Lisp on the JVM
F# - OCaml on CLR/.NET
Fantom.
Cross compiles to JVM, CLR, or JavaScript.
Optional dynamic typing.
Object Oriented / Functional Programming
Built-in Actor Model Concurrency
Built-in JSON serialization
Go, developed by Google, for one... :)
I have heard of F#. Don't know if it is exciting though.
Factor
io
(Both are, unlike the aforementioned Python and Ruby, inventions that were not created in a prior millennium. :-)
LOLCODE is pretty new.
I would put in there Silverlight, not a language but kinda new and kinda exciting. It is something to learn.
I think Mozilla's Rust will have good impact.
There is also Erlang. It's kinda old but its good.
R is great for statistics analysis.
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I have always wondered how programming languages are different, if they are indeed different, to other parts of the world? How do people in parts of Asia/Europe/South America use programming? Whats the syntax like? Any examples?
There are indeed a small number of non-English programming languages. They do not enjoy widespread use. In programming in particular, and slightly less with technology in general, English seems to be the language of choice. I think this is likely due to the Internet originating in the US.
Here in Sweden (Northern Europe) I guess it's pretty much the same as in the USA. Java, python, ruby, C#, C++, perl are all quite popular. Functional languages as Lisp and Erlang (actually a language invented here in Sweden, and quite good for distributed stuff) are less common, but not all that uncommon.
Basically we all have to learn English :)
I used to make comments and variable/method names in spanish, then a teacher told me to write in english, despite my native language, if i wanted my code to be any worth, it had to be in english, for its the one language the whole programming community (or a really big majority) knows
The good thing of programming languages is that they are almost universal (excluding some unicode support related things :D ).
I think that everywhere they're just the same, same syntax and same behaviour.. IT is based on standards, programming languages are not excluded!
I m pretty sure that you can find people who write C/C++ , java , C# code everywhere since almost all universities teach those language , the only difference is the naming of variables and functions (or methods) usualy they are named based on the native language of the developer
The only thing that differs is what people name their variables, and what locale settings they use.
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Can someone please point me to articles or books that discusses different programming paradigm (function/logical/OOP)... I am not looking for the syntax details but the ideas that make them good..
for ex: using functional programming we avoid any side-effects.. If I know the idea I could write side effect free program even in a language (OOP) that does not enforce it.
Programming Language Pragmatics gives a pretty thorough overview of different paradigms. The book is about language design, so it talks a lot about syntax, semantics, type systems, target architectures, etc. The newest edition has an entire chapter on logical programming languages and one on functional languages.
As I understand it, the way to write functional in OOP is to make every member final (pretty much always). This avoids side-effects, and although I'm not really down with the functional programming, I think since I've started making variables final wherever possible my code has improved--so it's certainly got some benefits.
There is a reading list about programming language concepts here
I have started reading "Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming" by Peter Van Roy and so far its very good...